Test tube reaction

• Ba2+


  • H2SO4
  • White ppt.
  • Formation of BaSO4(s)
  • Ba2+(aq) + SO4

  2−(aq) → BaSO4(s)
• SO4

  2−

  • BaCl2
  • White ppt.
  • Formation of Mg(OH)2(s)
  • Mg2+(aq) + 2OH−(aq) → Mg(OH)2(s)
• Mg2+


  • NaOH
  • White ppt.
  • Formation of Mg(OH)2(s)
  • Mg2+(aq) + 2OH−(aq) → Mg(OH)2(s)
• OH−


  • MgCl2
  • White ppt.
  • Formation of AgCl(s)
  • Ag+(aq) + Cl−(aq) → AgCl(s)
• Cl−


  • AgNO3
  • White ppt.
  • Formation of AgCl(s)
  • Ag+(aq) + Cl−(aq) → AgCl(s)
• Br−


  • AgNO3
  • Cream ppt.
  • Formation of AgBr(s)
  • Ag+(aq) + Br−(aq) → AgBr(s)
• I−


  • AgNO3
  • Yellow ppt.
  • Formation of Agi(s)
  • Ag+(aq) + I−(aq) → Agi(s)
• AgCl


  1. Dilute NH3

  2. AgCl ppt. dissolves

  3. AgCl(s) + 2NH3(aq) → [Ag(NH3)2]+(aq) + Cl−(aq)
• AgBr


  1. Conc. NH3

  2. AgBr ppt. dissolves

  3. AgBr(s) + 2NH3(aq) → [Ag(NH3)2]+(aq) + Br−(aq)
• NH4

  +

  • NaOH & heat
  • Gas released turns red litmus paper blue
  • Formation of NH3(g)
  • NH4+ + OH- → NH3 + H2O
• CO32−


  • Any acid (HNO3 is best)
  • Effervescence
  • Formation of CO2(g)
  • Acid + Carbonate Base → Salt + Water + CO2