CPHM REVIEWER

• Community organization and health


  The science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort
• Components of community organization and health

  • Environmental Sanitation
  • Control of Community Infection
  • Education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene
  • Organization of Medical and nursing services for early diagnosis and preventive treatment of diseases
  • Development of social machinery which will ensure everyone as standard living adequate for maintenance of life
• Two broad areas of preventive medicine

  • Public Health
  • Risk Factor Evaluation
• Public Health


  Includes programs and activities directed at community level and will benefit everyone or individuals who are not currently under the care of physician
• Risk Factor Evaluation


  Includes programs and activities directed at individuals who are currently under the care of physician who evaluates them for high-risk factors that can cause disease, educate them about good habits and screens them for appropriate conditions
• Health


  A status of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity regarded as person's physical and psychological capacity to establish and maintain balance
• Aspects of Health


  • Physical Health
  • Mental Health
  • Social Health
• Physical Health


  Refers to condition which enables a person to maintain a strong and healthy body
• Mental Health


  Refers to how a person thinks of himself, control his emotions and adjust to environment
• Social Health


  Refers to ways a person feels, think and acts towards everybody around him
• Health


  Successful defense of the host against forces landing to disturb body equilibrium
• Disease


  Failure of the body defense mechanism to cope with forces tending to disturb body equilibrium
• Determinants of Health


  • Income and Social Status
  • Education
  • Physical Environment
  • Employment and Working Conditions
  • Social Support Networks
  • Culture
  • Genetics
  • Personal Behavior and Coping Skills
  • Health Services
  • Gender
• Primary Health Care (PHC)


  Essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford at every stage of development
• Elements/Components of PHC


  • Environmental sanitation
  • Control of communicable disease
  • Immunization
  • Health Education
  • Family Planning
  • Adequate Food and Proper Nutrition
  • Provision of Medical Care and Emergency Treatment
  • Treatment of Locally Endemic Diseases
  • Provision of Essential Drugs
• Four Cornerstones/Pillars in PHC

  • Active community participation
  • Intra and inter-sectoral linkages
  • Use of appropriate technology
  • Support mechanism made available
• Levels of Health Care Referral System

  • Primary Level of Care
  • Secondary Level of Care
  • Tertiary Level of Care
• Primary Level of Care

  Health care provided by center physicians, public health nurse, rural midwives, barangay health workers, traditional healers
• Secondary Level of Care


  Given by physicians with basic health training, usually in health facilities privately owned or government operated
• Tertiary Level of Care


  Rendered by specialist in health facilities including medical centers as well as regional and provincial hospitals and specialized hospitals, for complicated cases and intensive care
• Community Health


  Working together to help people help themselves, not merely to survive but also achieve the maximum potential
• Four Priorities in Public Health

  • Survival of man
  • Prevention of condition which lead to destruction or retardation of human function and potential in the years of life
  • Achievement of human potential and prevention of the loss of productivity of young adults and those on the middle period of life
  • Improvement of the quality of life, especially in the later years
• Health Resources in the Philippines


  • Rural Health Unit (RHU) and their sub-centers
  • Chest clinics, Malaria Eradication Units and Schistosomiasis Control Unit
  • Tuberculosis clinics and Hospitals of the PTBs
  • Private Clinics
  • Clinics run by PMA
  • Community Hospitals and Health services Centers run by Philippine Medical Care Commission (PMCC)
  • Voluntary Health Facilities run by religious and civic groups
• Divisions of Health Care Delivery System in the Philippines

  • Government
  • Mixed Sectors
  • Private Sectors
• Department of Health


  The primary government agency in the field of health that runs the bulk of the government health facilities
• Health Programs in the Philippines


  • Adolescent and Youth Health and Development Program (AYHDP)
  • Botika ng Baranggay
  • Promotion of Breast-feeding Program / Mother and Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (MBFHI)
  • Cancer Control Program
  • Diabetes Control Program
  • Dengue Control Program
  • Dental Health Program
  • Emerging Disease Control Program
  • Environmental Health
  • Expanded Program on Immunization
  • Family Planning
  • Food and Waterborne Diseases Prevention and Control Program
  • Knock Out Tigdas
  • Leprosy Control Program
  • Malaria Control Program
• Adolescent and Youth Health and Development Program (AYHDP)

  Focuses on addressing health concerns of adolescents and youth regardless of their sex, race and socioeconomic background, with the mission of ensuring all adolescents and youth have access to quality health care services in an adolescent and youth friendly environment
• Botika ng Baranggay


  A drug outlet manage by a legitimate community organization (CO/non-government Organization (NGO) and/or Local Government Unit (LGU), with a trained operator and a supervising pharmacist, established in accordance with Administrative Order No. 144 s. 2004
• Promotion of Breast-feeding Program / Mother and Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (MBFHI)

  The main strategy to transform all hospitals with maternity and new born services into facilities which fully protect, promote, support breast feeding and rooming-in practices, through antenatal assistance, breastfeeding counseling, and continuous orientation and re-orientation/updates to hospital personnel
• Cancer Control Program


  An integrated approach utilizing primary, secondary and tertiary prevention in different regions of the country at both hospital and community levels, focusing on six lead cancers: lung, breast, liver, cervix, oral cavity, colon and rectum
• Common Cancers in Men

  • Stomach Cancer
  • Lungs
  • Liver
  • Leukemia
  • Colon
  • Prostate
• Common Cancers in Women

  • Colon
  • Lung
  • Ovary
  • Liver
  • Breast
  • Cervix
• Diabetes Control Program


  Aims to address the serious chronic metabolic disease characterized by an increase in blood sugar levels associated with long term damage and failure or organs functions, especially the eyes, the kidneys, the nerves, the heart and blood vessels
• Complications of Uncontrolled Diabetes

  • Blindness
  • Kidney failure
  • Stroke
  • Heart attack
  • Wounds that would not heal
  • Impotence
• What can you do to control your blood sugar?

  • Diet therapy
  • Exercise
  • Control your weight
  • Quit smoking
• Dengue Control Program


  The thrust is directed towards community-based prevention and control in endemic areas, with a major strategy of advocacy and promotion, particularly the Four O'clock Habit which was adopted by most LGUs, to eliminate the breeding places of Aedes aegypti
• Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality in the Philippines

  • Chronic Respiratory Diseases
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Cancer
• Dental Health Program


  Comprehensive program aims to improve the quality of life of the people through the attainment of the highest possible oral health, by preventing and controlling dental carries and periodontal diseases
• Activities of the Dental Health Program

  • Oral examination and prophylaxis
  • Sodium fluoride mouth rinsing
  • Supervise tooth brushing drill
  • Fit and fissure sealant application
  • A-traumatic restorative treatment
• Emerging Disease Control Program


  Focuses on newly identified and previously unknown infections which cause public health problems either locally or internationally, whose incidence in humans have increased within the past two decades or threaten to increase in the near future