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Stem cells and Epigenetics
Gene activation
Prokaryotes
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Cards (7)
Equation for the breakdown of lactose by
lactase
lactose ->
glucose
+
galactose
What causes intolerance?
Lacking an
enzyme
that breaks down a
molecule
ie lactose intolerant people lack the
lactase
enzyme
What enzyme that breaks down lactose is found in bacteria?
Beta galactosidase.
bacteria need to break down lactose to produce
glucose
to use in
respiration
What is the promotor region?
Region before a
gene
found in both
eukaryotes
and
prokaryotes
where
RNA polymerase
binds.
What is the operator region?
Only found in
prokaryotes-
where the
repressor
protein is found
What happens when lactose is absent?
Repressor
protein prevents
RNA
polymerase from
binding
to the
operator
region.
the
gene
is switched
off
What happens when lactose is present?
Lactose
binds to the
repressor
protein
this changes the
shape
of the protein.
this removes the
repressor
protein from the
operator
region.
RNA
polymerase binds to the
promotr
region.
mRNA
is made/ genes are
transcribed.
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