CPAR REVIEWER

• Sculptor uses metal, wood, stone, clay, and glass. Sculptures fall within the category of “three-dimensional” arts because they occupy space and have volume. Pottery is a form of sculpture. Other examples are ritual objects such as bulul wood carvings in the cordillera, or the santos or carvings of saints in Christian churches.
• Architect uses wood, bamboo, bricks, stone, concrete and various building materials. Buildings are also called “three-dimensional”. However, architecture has the added element of time since we move into structures. 
• Painters uses pigments; it may be watercolor, oil, tempera, textile paint, acrylic, ink, etc. and uses different medium such as wood, canvas, paper, stone wall such as cave paintings.
• Photographer and Filmmaker use the camera to record the outside world. The filmmaker uses the cinematographic camera to record and put together production design, sound engineering, performance, and screenplay. In digital photography and film, the images can be assimilated into the computer, thus eliminating the need for celluloid or negatives, processing chemicals, or print. 
• Collage is the technique of an art production used in the visual arts where the artwork is made from on assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole. Collage may sometimes include magazines and newspaper clippings, ribbons, paints, bits of colored or handmade papers, portions of other artwork or texts, photographs, and other found objects, glued to a piece of paper or canvas.
• Collage examples are Ines Kouidis and Laura Heine
• Decollage is the opposite of collage; instead of an image is being built up all or parts of existing images, it is created by cutting, treating away or otherwise removing pieces of an original image. The French word “Decollage” in English means “Take-off” or “To become Unglued” or “To become unstuck”. Example of decollage include cut-up technique. Similar technique is the lacerated poster, a poster in which one has been over another. 
• Graffiti are writing or drawings that have been scribed, scratched, or painted illicitly on a wall or other surface, often in a public space. Graffiti range from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings. Graffiti may express underlying social and political messages, and a whole genre of artistic expression is based spray paint graffiti styles. 
• Land Art is earth works, or earth arts is an art movement in which landscape and the work of art are inextricably linked. It is also an art form that is created in nature, using natural materials such as soil, rock (bed rock, bolders, stones), organic media (logs, branches, leaves), and water which introduced materials such as concrete, metal asphalt, or mineral pigments.
• Mixed Media refers to a work of visual art that combines various traditionally distinct visual art. For example, work on canvas that combines paint, ink and collage. When creating a painted or photograph work using mixed media, it is important to choose the layers carefully and allow enough drying time between the layers to ensure the final work will have structural integrity, if many different layers are imposed.
• Frottage is the technique of rubbing with crayon on a piece of paper which has been placed over an object or an image. The impression of the image can be created using leaves, woods, wire screen, or metal with embossed image or words.
• • Eggshell mosaic is an artistic technique that uses tiny parts of eggshell to create a whole image or object. Mosaics are usually assembled using small tiles that are square, but they can also be round or randomly shaped.
• Technique refers to a particular method in which artist utilize materials and master tools in doing specific artwork that involves practical skills. The nature of the medium (material) determines the techniques. For example, textile is woven, wood is carved, clay is molded and shape, stone is chiseled.
• Techniques in Making Smocking

  • Smocking (Hand Smocking) – is an embroidery technique utilize to gather fabric so that it can stretch.
  • Smocking is an embroidery technique used to gather fabric so that it can stretch. Before elastic, smocking was commonly used in cuffs, bodices, and necklines in garments where buttons were undesirable.
• • Paper Mache (Papier Mache)is a French word which means (“Chewed Paper”) consist of paper fibers and binding agent, it originates from China; They used papier Mache to make helmets of all things. Examples have been found dating back to the Han Dynasty (BC 202- AD 220).
• In the Philippines one of the Pinoy Art is Paper Mache found in Paete Laguna for its Taka Making, the first recorded Taka making was by a woman name Maria Bague in the 1920’s. She has wooden molds that were covered in strips of paper dipped in a sticky paste. She would later paint them colorfully and presented as children’s toys.
• Step in making Cemented pot using old Cloth

  • Materials (Medium)
  • Old Cloth (T-shirt, Pants, Towel)
  • Cement 
  • Water 
  • Acrylic 
  • Paint Brush
• • Wood carving is the process of cutting into the surface of wood to produce shape and pattern using chisel
• Paete Laguna Woodcarving: Process and Techniques 
• • Contemporary artists are becoming more aware of the abundance and diversity of our natural resources. They now incorporate local and indigenous elements in creating their artwork because they believe that using local materials can instill a sense of belonging and emotional relationship between our people and our spaces.
• • Abaca. Abaca, or Manila hemp, belongs to banana family. Its fiber has a natural luster with colors ranging from pure white to ivory and dark brown. It is a great material for furniture and décor and artists choose this material because of its durability and availability.
• • Bakbak. It is the outermost covering or leaf sheath of the abaca stalk. It is a flat thick durable sheath as twine or braided. The strong brown fiber used to make furniture.
• Bamboo. It is used as a raw material in creating many products. It is used in construction, textile, musical instruments, weapons and many more. 
• • Buntal. It is a cylindrically shaped fiber. The supple ivory white strands are quite durable, pliable, and have good dyeing qualities.
  • What is Buntal? It is a natural and organic fiber from large leaves of abundant palm trees.
• • Buri. It is extracted from the matured leaves of the buri palm. The fiber is durable and resistant to moisture.
• • Capiz or Kapis Shell. They are abundant in the Philippines commonly found along the coastal waters. Cleaned and processed Capiz shells are used for various artistic applications like windows, lanterns, and walling.
• • Coconut Shell or bao. It is used for wood carving, improvised cooking utensils and myriads of other uses. 
• • Pandan. It is a tropical plant. The fibers found in Pandan leaves are proven to be ideal in making handicrafts such as bag, wallets, plants, mats, baskets, and other similar products.
• • Rattan. It belongs to a palm family. There are different types of palms such as high or low climbers, single stemmed or clustered rattan species.
• • Santol Wood. Santol is mostly known for its fruit that is popularly consumed and used as an ingredient, but it can also be used as a material for artwork.
  • It is less dense than Narra or Molave. It is way easier to work with and polish.
  • It is also highly resistant to wood borers (bukbok) which makes it ideal for skeletal framework.
• Step 1

  Padron/ Plantilya this involves sketching and planning of the whole form of the sculpture
• Step 2

  Pagbabantso this method came from a machine called a band saw (a wood working machine used for rough shaping and sizing) in this step, the carver will shape the big block of
• Step 3

  Pagbabagbag - this is the step where the carver will use his carving tools for rough forming.
• Step 4

  Pagdedetalye this is also known as detailing. Where in the wood carver mastery of tools will be tested by detailing the elements of design
• Step 5

  Pagbabarnis/ Pagpipinta- This is the last step of the whole wood curving Technique using varnish to show natural color of the wood