MUSIC AND ARTS
Cards (68)
- Art song - Is a poem expressed in music
- Art song - A short vocal solo piece based on a poem that is often accompanied by piano
- Lied - a German art song
- Lieder - refers to a group of german art songs
- Strophic form - plays the same melody in all stanzas
- Through-composed music - each stanza of the poem is sung to a new music
- Erlkonig - also known as the “Erlking” or the “Elf king”
- Erlkonig - An arts song composed by Franz Schubert, which was based on the poem by Johann Wolfgang von Ghoethe
- Erlkonig - Intended to be performed by a singer and pianist
- Opera - An Italian word that means “work”
- Opera - Is a play or drama set in music
- Two Faces of OPera
- Italian Opera
- German Opera
- Italian Opera - the song is the focus (vocal part)
- Bel Canto -literally means “beautiful singing”, it is a form of singing developed by Italian composers
- German Opera - it shifts focus from the voice to the orchestra
- Overture - this is an instrumental introduction to an opera
- Recitative - this is the text declaimed in the rhythm of natural speech with a slight melodic variation and little orchestral accompaniment
- Aria - this is a solo song with an instrumental accompaniment
- Libretto - this is the text of the story of the opera
- Librettist - writer of libretto
- Bel Canto - an Italian phrase that means beautiful singing
- Leitmotif - the leading motive or basic recurring theme
- Opera Seria - the serious opera
- Opera Buffa - comic opera
- Franz Schubert
- Austrian composer born on 31 January 1797
- died on 19 November 1828
- Giuseppe Verdi
- an Italian composer born on 10 October 1813
- studied music privately under another composer, Vincenzo Lavigna
- known for his succesful operas such as Rigoletto, Il Trovatore, La Traviata, Falstaff and Aida
- died on 21 January 1901
- Giacomo Puccini
- Italian composer born on 22 December 1858 in Lucca, Italy
- the Puccinis were organist and composers of the Cathedral of San Martino for 5 generations
- his famous works include Tosca, Edgar, Turandot, La Boheme, and Madame Butterfly
- he died due to post-operative shock on 29 November 1924
- Richard Wagner
- was a famous German composer, primarily known for his complex and controversial operas
- born on 22 May 1813 in Leipzig, Germany.
- became one of the world's most influential composers
- his works are known for their complex texture, rich harmonies and orchestration, and elaborate use of leitmotifs
- his famous works include "The Flying Dutchman" "Tannhauser", "Lohengrin", "Tristan and Isolde", "Parsifal" and his great tetralogy, "Der Ring des Nibelungen" (Ring of the Nibelungs"
- died of a heart attack in Venice on 13 February 1883
- Ancient Greek theatre started as religious rituals. It specifically began in Thrace, where a cult venerated Dionysus - the God of procreation and fertility
- The Dionysians paid tribute to their God through the rites that may have included drinking intoxicating liquor, participating in orgies, or sacrificing animals.
- The Dionysians were not only known for their spontaneous revelries but they were also credited as the first to create a more formally structured drama.
- Thespis - Dionysian priest
- Thespians - stage actors
- In Poetics, Aristotle defines tragedy as an imitation through action rather than narration of a serious, complete, and ample actions
- Some of the surviving Greek tragedies are The Persians (472 BCE) by Aeschylus, Antigone (442 BCE) and Oedipus Rex (c.430 BCE) by Sophocles, and Medea (431 BCE) by Euripides
- The word comedy was derived from the word Comus, which is the Greek god of laughter, joke and revelry
- Early comedies consisted of mocking and loose lyrics
- there are only 11 surviving comedies written by Aristophanes, and some of these are The Frogs (405 BCE), Lysistrata (411 BCE) and The Clouds (423 BCE)
- A satyric drama is a form of tragic comedy that is lighter than a tragedy and heavier than a comedy.
- Unabashed sexuality, sight gags, pranks, mock drunkeness, and general revelry characterized satyric plays