English

• is how appropriate something is to what is being said at the given time

  Relevance
• something that has been proven by facts or sincerity

  Truth
• focusing on the whole story, reading and looking for data and other information

  Read beyond
• investigate the site you are viewing or reading

  Consider the source
• search on the author, find if they are real and credible

  Check the author
• determine if the given information actually supports the story

  Verify supporting sources
• it should be up to date

  Check the date
• consider if your own beliefs could affect your judgement

  Check your biases
• is the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.

  Evidence
• Identify the point/claim the author is trying to prove

  Argumentation
• identify specific facts, data, statistics, examples that supports the point

  Specificity
• explain how the pieces of evidence are related to the claim

  Relevance
• it is known as the strongest type

  of evidence. It comes in a form of number,

  percentage, or surveyed type data

  Statistical evidence
• use of celebrities is the core of

  this second type of evidence. However, experts and

  authorities can also be used to collect testimonial

  evidence

  Testimonial evidence
• it is often dismissed as

  untrustworthy and meaningless. When the speaker does

  STORYTELLING

  Anecdotal evidence
• it is regarded as the weakest

  evidence. When information about something is scarce

  and little is known, it is often used in

  a formal argument to increase credibility of the proof.

  Analogical evidence
• is a personal claim

  that does not necessarily require support and certain qualities

  opinion
• is a claim that needs to be worth

  making, valid, sound, logical, and must be provided with reasonable, relevant, and sufficient support.

  Argument
• an argument tries to convince us that something is true or untrue
• conclusion is the idea we are convinced to believe
• premise is the support or reason showing that the conclusion is true
• therefore, hence, implies that,

  it follows that, so, thus, consequently

  Conclusion Indicators
• since, for, given that, for the reason that,

  because, as, is shown by the fact that

  Premise Indicators
• Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases

  based on a sample that is inadequate or not enough

  Hasty Generalization
• Stressing that two events or concepts are related in the sense

  that one causes another when they’re actually not

  Post Hoc
• Claiming a sort of chain reaction will take place, usually

  ending in some dire consequence, but there’s really not

  enough evidence

  Slippery Slope
• Referring to known personalities to back up a claim, but

  aren’t really experts particularly in line with the issue at hand

  instead of citing evidence

  Appeal to Authority
• Yes or No

  A) Yes

  B) No

  C) No

  D) Yes

  E) Yes

  F) No

  G) No

  H) Yes

  I) No

  J) No

  
• A, B, C or D

  A) B

  B) C

  C) D

  D) A

  E) A

  F) B

  G) C

  H) B

  I) B

  J) C

  
• A - Argument, O - Opinion

  A) O

  B) A

  C) O

  D) A

  E) O

  F) A

  G) A

  H) O

  I) A

  J) A

  
• Informational texts are always true

  False
• In an argumentative essay, your job is to make the reader agree with your opinion about a controversial topic.
• To convince the audience, your essay must be balanced— it

  must include your viewpoint and the opposing viewpoint, or counterargument.
• You have to (1) state your opinion, (2) give reasons to support your opinion, and (3) argue against the opposite opinion.
• After you give the counterargument, you must refute it by showing that it is wrong.
• • Fact – whether the statement is true or false
  • Definition – the dictionary definition of what you’re arguing, plus your own personal interpretation of it
  • Value – the importance of what you’re arguing
  • Cause and effect – what causes the problem and what effects it has
  • Policy – why you should care and what you should do about it after reading
• the first sentence that serves to

  capture reader’s attention and help them decide if they want to continue reading your text.

  Hook
• his consists of the hook, background information, and thesis

  Introductory Paragraph
• This is part of your first paragraph. It is a concise, one-sentence summary of your main point and claim.

  It’s the most important part of your argumentative essay.

  Thesis Statement
• To write thesis statements, you can:

  • Turn the topic into a question and answer it.
  • State an argument and then refute it.
  • Briefly outline your main points.