Science 12.2

• Enzymes are protein substances that can initiate or speed up chemical reactions.
• The substances that are acted upon by enzymes are called substrates.
• Emil Fischer, Nobel laureate in organic chemistry in 1894, demonstrated the specificity of enzymes in what he calls the "lock and key" model.
• Three groups of digestive enzymes: Carbohydrases, proteinases, and lipases.
• Carbohydrates + Pytalin - Disaccharide
• Maltose + Maltase - Glucose + Glucose
• Sucrose + Sucrase - Glucose + Fructose
• Lactose + Lactase - Glucose + Galactose
• Protein + pepsin - Small polypeptides
• Protein + Trypsin - Polypeptides + Dipeptides
• Polypeptides + amino peptidases - amino acids
• Dipeptides - Erepsin - Amino acids
• Fats + Pancreatic Steapsin - Fatty acid + Glycerol
• The simplest for of carbohydrate is monosaccharides.
• For food to be changed into its simplest form enzyme are needed.