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• Ultraviolet lamps


  Used to sterilize workspaces and tools used in microbiology laboratories and health care facilities
• Ultraviolet lamps should only be used as a supplement to other sterilization techniques
• Gamma radiation


  Forms of ionizing radiation used primarily in the health care industry
• Gamma radiation is highly effective in killing microorganisms and do not leave residues or have sufficient energy to impart radioactivity
• Electron beam (e-beam) radiation


  A form of ionizing energy, generally characterized by low penetration and high-dose rates
• Filtration


  Involves the physical removal (exclusion) of all cells in a liquid or gas
• Ethylene oxide (ETO)


  The most commonly used form of chemical sterilization
• Ozone


  Used as a disinfectant for water and food
• Low Temperature Gas Plasma (LTGP)


  Used as an alternative to ethylene oxide
• Phenolics


  Reduce irritating qualities
• Phenolics exert their action by injuring plasma membranes
• Cresols


  Phenolics that are derived from coal tar
• 1. phenylphenol


  A cresol that is the main ingredient in Lysol
• Bisphenols


  Have two phenolic groups
• Bisphenols

  • Triclosan (over the counter)
  • Hexachlorophene (prescription)
• Hexachlorphene


  Used in plisoHex
• Biguanides


  Chlorhexidine (low toxicity)
• Halogens


  Iodine and chlorine, used alone or as components of inorganic or organic solutions
• Alcohols

  Exert their action by denaturing proteins and dissolving lipids
• Silver sulfadiazine


  Topical cream for burns
• Surfacine


  Water-insoluble silver iodide
• Merthiolate


  A trade name for thimerosal
• Copper sulfate


  Used to control green algae growth in ponds, pools, reservoirs and fish tanks
• Zinc Chloride


  Used in mouthwashes
• Zinc Pyrithione


  Used in antidandruff shampoos
• Acid-anionic detergents

  Used to clean dairy equipment
• Quats


  Most effective against gram-positive bacteria