PHYSICAL SCIENCE (2ND)

• Astronomical unit


  the unit of length defined as the average distance between earth and the sun
• eccentricity


  in an eclipse, the ratio of the distance between the face to the major axis
• Ellipse


  a closed curve for which the sum of the distance from any point on the ______ to two points inside
• focus


  one of the fixed points inside an ellipse from which the sum of the distance to any point on the ellipse is constant
• aphelion


  is the greatest distant between a planet or other and the sun
• perihelion


  is the colses distance from the sun object move slowest in their orbits when they are aphelion and fastest when ________
• major axis


  the maximum diameter of an ellipse
• orbit


  the path of an object it takes in object to travel once around the sun
• orbital speed


  the speed at which an object usually a planet orbits around the mass of another object, in case of a planet, the speed at which each planet moves along it's ellipse
• orbital period


  the time it takes an object to travel once around the sun
• semimajor axis


  half of the major axis of a comic section, such as an ellipse
• Tycho Brahe


  a danish astronomer and noble man. he made an accurate observation of the movement of celestial bodies in an observation. able to invent different astronomical instrument. he also determine the position of the 777 fixed stars accurately
• Johannes kepler


  Tycho Brahe's assistant.

  he able to conclude that this force would explain the orbits of mars and earth including also the other planets.
• rudolphine tables


  named after the Roman emperor and was useful to determining the position of the planets for the past 1000 years and the future 1000 years.
• Kepler's first law


  each planet moves around the sun is an orbit that is an ellipse, with the sun at one focus of the ellipse, in what Kepler's law belongs
• Kepler's second law


  a planet sweeps out equal areas of the ellipse over equal time intervals, in what Kepler's law this belongs
• law of harmony


  describes that the square of a planet orbital period is proportional to the cube of a planets average distance from the sun. in what Kepler's law is this?
• motion


  is the action of chasing location or position.
• Vertical motion


  according to Aristotle, ________ refered to as natural motion. the object will move and will return to it's natural state based on the objects material or composition
• horizontal motion


  according to Aristotle _______ is an object moving Ina violent motion requires an external force for object to move.
• projectile motion


  according to Aristotle ________ believed that an object thrown at a certain angle is given an IMPETUS - a force or energy that permits an object to move in such state.
• horizontal motion


  according to Galileo _______ is an object in motion, if unimpeded will continue to be in motion, and an external force is not necessary to maintain the motion
• Vertical motion


  according to Galileo ___________ in the absence of a resistance obejct would fall not depending on their weight, but in the time of fall also if the object encounters a resistive force.
• projectile motion


  according to Galileo ________ he believed that a projectile is a combination of uniform motion in the horizontal direction and uniformly accelerated motion in vertical direction.