BABASAHIN - MIDTERMS 1

• History


  Field of study that examines the historical occurrences in people's notions, and the world's life
• Herodotus


  Greek Author, Father of History
• Historians


  • Those who have studied history
  • When writing history they emphasize the importance of primary sources or those that actually originate from a particular era
  • While historians search archives for original records, non historians read book or documentaries
  • Go deeper on the information, checking the original sources
• Non-historians


  • Generally accept sources as long as interesting
• Importance of History


  • Develop a better understanding of the world
  • Understand ourselves
  • Learn to understand other people
  • Teaches a working understanding of change
  • Gives us the tools we need to be decent citizens
  • Makes us better decision-makers
  • Helps us develop a new level of appreciation for just about everything
• Historiography


  • Study of how historians construct history as a field of study, and thus, it includes all historical writing on a given topic
  • More recently defined as "study of the way history has been and is written; the history of historical writing"
• History


  Interpretation of the past
• Historiography


  Study of history
• Primary Sources


  Letters, diaries, memoirs, and personal histories, are firsthand, contemporaneous descriptions of events that were written by people who lived during that time period or years later
• Secondary Sources


  • Frequently interpret main materials and are intimately tied to them
  • Generalizations, analysis, interpretation, and synthesis of primary sources
• Tertiary Sources


  Frequently compile or summarize information from other sources, directing readers to it
• We need sources in order to have a firsthand account of history and a thorough comprehension of it from the viewpoint of the individuals who lived through it
• History is based on facts and not opinion. History is about the truth, not based on lies, and fiction
• Historical Criticism


  • Branch of criticism that investigates the origins of ancient texts in order to understand "the world behind the text"
  • Primary goal: discover the text's primitive or original meaning in its original historical context and its literal sense
  • Secondary goal: establish a reconstruction of the historical situation of the author and recipients of the text
• External Criticism


  Authenticity of the document
• Internal Criticism


  • Technique of testing the reliability of the information found in a document
  • Concerned with the authenticity of the information and its purpose is to establish the trustworthiness of the contents of the document
  • Used to detect and determine whether the document contains errors or lies
  • Concerned with the interpretation of the sources and is also known as interpretative criticism
• Reasons for historical research

  • To avoid the mistakes of the past
  • To apply lessons from the past to current problems
  • To use the past to make predictions about the present
  • To spot fabricated, forged, faked documents
• Tabon Man


  Earliest known inhabitants of the Philippines, estimated to have lived 22,000 to 47,000 years ago
• Aeta/Negritos


  • One of the major ethnic groups in the Philippines, known for their dark skin, short stature, and other physical characteristics
  • Typically reside in areas in Central Luzon, particularly in mountains and forests
• Malay


  • An ethnic group found in Southeast Asia, particularly in countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and the Philippines
  • A major group in the region, and their culture, history, and language have a significant influence throughout Southeast Asia
• Juan de Plasencia


  • A friar who helped in the propagation of Christianity in the Philippines during the early period
  • He was also the first priest of Pila, Laguna, and wrote the Doctrina Christiana, the first book printed in the Philippines
• Juan de Plasencia wrote the "Customs of the Tagalogs" based on his experiences as a missionary in the Philippines
• Customs of the Tagalog

  Written in 1589, during the Spanish colonial period, to encourage the Tagalogs to believe in Christianity
• Social Classes


  • Datu
  • Maharlika
  • Timawa
  • Alipin
• Datu


  • Term used for the leader of the barangays before the arrival of the Spaniards in the Philippines
  • They served as the implementers of laws that helped in the progress and peace of their area, and acted as the supreme ruler
• Maharlika


  • Class of free warriors
  • Free retainers of their Datu who were not subject to taxes and recognition, but were required to provide military service
• Timawa


  Considered to be in the middle class of society during the ancient history of the Philippines
• Alipin


  • Captives in battle
  • Those who could not pay their debts
  • Inherited the status of slavery from their ancestors
  • Those who committed a crime
• Types of Alipin (Tagalog)

  • Aliping Namamahay
  • Aliping Saguidguilid
• Types of Alipin (Bisaya)

  • Tumataban
  • Tumarampuk
  • Ayuey
• Bahay Kubo


  • Traditional Filipino house with four walls and one or two rooms inside
  • Made of wood, bamboo, and nipa
  • Raised on posts about three to four meters from the ground
  • The largest room is used as a receiving area, dining room, and sleeping quarters
• Traditional Filipino Clothing


  • Kanggan
  • Putong
  • Bahag
  • Tapis
  • Baro
  • Saya/Patadyong
• Traditional Filipino Ornaments


  • Pomaras
  • Ganbanes
  • Tato (Pintados)
• In ancient times in the Philippines, it was the mother who usually gave the name to her child, based on a particular event
• They did not have surnames in ancient times in the Philippines
• Barangay


  • Form of government of the early Filipinos
  • A gathering of a tribe
  • Led by a Datu with a population ranging from at least 30 to not more than 100 under their jurisdiction
  • The Datu makes the laws of the community and when he has an idea for a new law, he calls the council of elders to give their opinion
• PALAMUTI


  • POMARAS
  • GANBANES
  • TATO
• POMARAS


  alahas na hugis rosas
• GANBANES


  uri ng gintong pulseras na isinusuot nila sa braso o binti
• TATO


  permanenteng disenyo at marka sa balat