3.10

• George Washington


  First president of the United States, unanimously elected
• Washington established executive departments

  1. Treasury department

  2. War department

  3. State department

  4. Justice department
• Washington's cabinet


  Secretaries of the executive departments who advised him
• Alexander Hamilton


  Washington's secretary of the treasury
• Hamilton's policy of establishing a National Bank

  1. Unify the states

  2. Improve the credit of the United States

  3. Absorb each state's debts from the Revolutionary War into a national debt

  4. Enable the U.S. to borrow money from other nations

  5. Increase the dependence of states upon the federal government
• Hamilton argued for the National Bank


  Invoked the "necessary and proper" clause (elastic clause) of the Constitution
• The National Bank stabilized the shaky national economy
• The French Revolution broke out during Washington's presidency
• Proclamation of Neutrality


  Washington's policy of not aiding the French in their wars with other European nations
• France's minister Edmond Genet objected to the Proclamation of Neutrality and went directly to the American people
• Jay's Treaty


  British agreed to give up its posts on the western frontier of the American territory
• Pinckney Treaty


  1. Spain agreed to let Americans use the port at New Orleans for trade along the Mississippi River

  2. Spain agreed that the southern border of the U.S. would fall along the 31st parallel
• Battle of Fallen Timbers


  U.S. Army defeated a confederacy of American Indian tribes, leading to the Indian surrender of lands in the Ohio Valley
• Whiskey Rebellion


  1. Pennsylvania farmers attacked federal tax collectors instead of paying a tax on whiskey

  2. Washington used the U.S. Army to put down the rebellion
• Federalists


  Led by Alexander Hamilton, proponents of a strong central government, favored urban and elite interests
• Democratic Republicans


  Led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, champions of states' rights, favored rural and agricultural interests
• Washington warned against the dangers of factions and political parties in his Farewell Address
• John Adams


  Succeeded Washington as president, was a Federalist like Washington
• XYZ Affair


  French diplomats demanded a bribe before negotiating with U.S. delegation
• Alien and Sedition Acts

  1. Allowed the government to imprison or deport non-citizens

  2. Made it illegal to criticize the government publicly
• The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions asserted that states had the right to nullify federal laws
• Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams in the election of 1800 and became the next president