carbs

• monosaccharides?

  • glucose, used for respiration
  • fructose, used to attract animals + aids in seed dispersal
  • galactose, sugar found in milk
  • immediate energy source, doesn't need to be hydrolysed due to size, soluble.
• disaccharides?

  • sucrose, glucose and fructose. sugar transported around plant
  • maltose, glucose and glucose. found in germinating seeds and produced when amylase -> starch.
  • lactose, glucose and galatose. sugar in milk
• starch as polysaccharide?

  storage carb in plants. compact, can store more in smaller space and insoluble, little/no osmotic effect.

  • amylose= straight/ unbranched chain made with 1,4 glycosidic bonds. chain coils (more compact) held by hydrogen bonds.
  • amylopectin= branched with main chain made of 1,4 and side chains made of 1,6 glycosidic bonds. rapid hydrolysis due to side branches giving easy access to stored energy
• glycogen as a polysaccharide?

  storage in humans, insoluble in water and more compact than starch.

  • has 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds, meaning rapid hydrolysis (easy access to stored energy)
• cellulose as a polysaccharide?

  straight chain, 1,4 bonds only.

  providdes strength in cell wall in plants and indigestible in human gut, moving mateial through digestive tract