Module 8

• Climate Change Adaptation (CCA)


  Refers to the adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities
• Hazard


  A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption or environmental damage
• Exposure


  The degree to which the element at risk are likely to experience hazard events of different magnitude
• Vulnerability


  Characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. This may arise from the various physical, social, economic and environmental factors
• Disaster


  A natural or man-made (or technological) hazard resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the environment
• When is an event a disaster?

  • At least 20% of the population are affected and in need of emergency assistance and whose dwellings have been destroyed
  • A great number or at least 40% of the means of livelihood such as bancas, fishing boats, vehicles, and the likes are destroyed
  • Major roads and bridges are destroyed and impassable, for at least a week, thus disrupting the flow of transport and commerce
  • Widespread destruction of fishponds, crops, livestock poultry and other agricultural products
  • Epidemics
• Natural Hazards


  Natural phenomena caused either by rapid onset or slow-onset events. A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural hazard affects humans and/or the built environment
• Human-Induced Hazard and Technological and Industrial Hazards


  Caused by human and their technology. Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or human hazards
• Common Hazards in the Philippines

  • Typhoon
  • Landslide
  • Earthquake
  • Tsunami
  • Volcanic Eruption and Lahar
  • Drought/ El Nino
  • Red Tide
  • Pest and Disease Infestation
  • Epidemic
  • Fire
  • Armed Conflict
• Impacts of Disasters


  • Loss of Life, Assets, Properties
  • Extreme Poverty
  • Sense of Helplessness
  • Displacement
  • Environmental Degradation
  • Politically Disempowered
  • Dependency
  • Social and Economic Disruption
• Determinants of Vulnerability to Natural Disasters in the Philippines

  • Rapid urbanization has led to the proliferation of unplanned, informal and overcrowded settlements in hazard-prone areas
  • Environmental degradation has contributed to increasing natural disaster occurrence in the Philippines
  • Risks from global climate change are further exacerbating the country's vulnerability to natural hazards
• Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (Republic Act No. 10121)


  The systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster.

  • Prevention &Mitigation -> Preparedness - > Response - > Rehabilitation & Recovery

  
• Risk = Hazard + Vulnerability / Capacity
• Risk Reduction Strategies


  • Avoidance (Eliminate i.e. modify the hazard)
  • Reduction (Mitigate i.e. modify the susceptibility of hazard damage and disruption)
  • Transference (Outsource or Insure i.e. modify the impact of hazards on individuals and the community)
  • Retention (Accept and Budget)
• Structural Measures


  • Any physical construction to reduce or avoid possible impacts of hazards, which include engineering measures and construction of hazard-resistant and protective structures and infrastructure
• Non-Structural Measures


  • Policies, awareness, knowledge development, public commitment, and methods and operating practices, including participatory mechanisms and the provision of information, which can reduce risk and related impacts
• 72-HR Survival Kit


  It is critical to build an emergency kit that you can readily take with you the moment an emergency happens.

  
• Disasters Risk = Hazard + Vulnerability
• Family emergency plan - is a personalized action plan that let each member of a household know what to do in a particular disaster situation