5. Gender, crime and justice

• liberation thesis


  “weakening of the patriarchy led to an increase in female offending “ Adler: women now commit more masculine crimes such as violence and white collar crimes Eval: working class, drugs and prostitution on the rise not liberated crimes
• patriarchal control


  “ position in patriarchal society “

  Heidensohn: women still face control in every aspect of life and are exaggerated as victims to reinforce this control.women still face control in every aspect of life and are exaggerated as victims to reinforce this control. Sexual harassment and domestic violence the triple shift are all still present today.

  However there are more opportunitues for women and more male DV victims.
• chivalry thesis


  Pollack: men are protective over women so treat them more leniently.Pollak: men are protective over women so treat them more leniently. More likely fines and community services/sentences then prison and shorter prison sentences when women are sentenced. However women often commit less serious offences so courts may seem more lenient but not true for the same offence
• sex role theory


  Girls are calm gentle polite boys are tough strong brave so I’m more likely to be violent/reckless especially for boys lacking good role modelsgirls are calm gentle polite boys are tough strong brave so I’m more likely to be violent/reckless especially for boys lacking good role models. Evaluation: this is based on biology. Also female crime is rising.
• class and gender deal

  Women game two types of rewards class, employment money and gender family.Women game two types of rewards class employment money and gender family. Women who don’t succeed in these days are more likely to be criminals as they have nothing to lose but everything to gain through crime. Evaluation: supported by statistics but small study not representative
• Double deviance


  Court harsh double standard for girls versus boys promiscuitycourt harsh double standard for girls versus boys promiscuity Girls have to remain respectable to be believed boys are given a second chance. Girls are tried based on how well they act in their position as a daughter or mother.
• Messerschmidt hegemonic masculinity


  Hegemonic masculinity is the most common goal for men and this is through the subordination of women. He sexism and the driven uncontrollable sexuality of men.hegemonic masculinity is the most common goal for men and this is through the subordination of women he sexism and the driven uncontrollable sexuality of men. He sees crime and deviance as resources menus for accomplishing masculinity. White middle-class: pranks and vandalism. White working class, tough and opposing authority and sexism Black working class: gang membership and violence
• Winlow study


  Bounces in Sunderland.bounces in Sunderland. In pubs and clubs young men are provided with both work illegal business and drugs as well as the opportunity to demonstrate their masculinity through the use of violence Bodily capital: Under postmodern condition and organised professional criminal subculture has emerged as a result of the nighttime economy Windows study shows how the expression of masculinity changes with society and also opens up new criminal opportunities for men.