RDT 102

• Basic image processing


  Deals with the development of problem specific approaches to enhance the raw medical data for the purpose of selective visualization as well as further analysis
• Basic image processing


  Concentrates on the development of techniques to supplement the usually qualitative and frequently subjective assessment of medical image by human experts
• Quality evaluation


  Plays an important role in assessing any new hardware, software, image acquisition techniques, image reconstruction or post-processing algorithms
• Statistical analysis and entropy


  Statistics of medical imaging fills the gap and provides a theoretical framework for statistical investigation into medical imaging technologies
• Coding and decoding


  Color information in digital images is used for many practical purposes, mainly in security fields and also with gray scale images applications
• Basic image processing


  Deals with the development of problem specific approaches to enhance the raw medical data for the purpose of selective visualization as well as further analysis
• Basic image processing


  Concentrates on the development of techniques to supplement the usually qualitative and frequently subjective assessment of medical image by human experts
• Quality evaluation


  Plays an important role in assessing any new hardware, software, image acquisition techniques, image reconstruction or post-processing algorithms
• Statistical analysis and entropy


  Statistics of medical imaging fills the gap and provides a theoretical framework for statistical investigation into medical imaging technologies
• Coding and decoding


  Color information in digital images is used for many practical purpose, mainly in security fields and also with gray scale images applications
• Coding and decoding


  This paper introduces an encoding decoding process for medical images
• Coding and decoding


  His method gives more speed and accuracy in the process of encryption and decryption, where speed is needed for storing a large number of medical images from different scanning departments and these images are characterized by larger sizes than average
• Stable and unstable signal processing


  The system is said to be stable only when the output is bounded for bounded input
• Stable and unstable signal processing


  For a bounded input, if the output is unbounded in the system then it is said to be Unstable
• Stable and unstable signal processing


  A stable system satisfies the BIBO (Bounded input for Bounded Output) means finite in amplitude
• Transformation


  An image transformation can be applied to an image to convert it from one domain to another
• Transformation


  Viewing an image in domains such as frequency or hough space enables the identification of features that may not be easily detected in the spatial domain
• Common image transforms


  • Hough Transform
  • Radon Transform
  • Discrete Cosine Transform
  • Discrete Fourier Transform
  • Wavelet Transform
• Post medical image processing


  Image pre-processing technique that not only removes unwanted artifacts from the medical image but also enhances the required portion
• Pre medical image processing


  Advanced post-processing describes the manipulation of radiographic images to derive additional qualitative or quantitative data
• Medical image display


  The adequate and repeatable performance of the image display system is a key element of information technology platforms in a modern radiology department
• Medical imaging


  Study of medical imaging is concerned with Interaction of all forms of radiation with tissue
• Medical imaging


  Development of appropriate technology to extract clinically useful information, usually in the form of an image from the observed technology
• Medical imaging


  Non-invasive visualization of internal organs, tissue, etc.
• Image


  A 2D signal f(x,v) or 3D f(x.,v,z)
• Wilheim Konrad Roéntgen reported discovery of new "rays"


  Nov 8, 1895
• Wilheim Konrad Roéntgen won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1901
• First clinical use of X-rays by 2 British doctors to find a needle in a hand

  Jan 13, 1896
• 1. ray


  A beam of X-rays is directed through a patient onto a film, the film provides a measure of the ray attenuation in tissue
• G. Hounsfield (computer expert) and A.M Cormack (physicist) developed computer tomography


  Nov 8, 1895
• G. Hounsfield and A.M Cormack won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1979
• Computer tomography


  Provide 3D anatomical information, Preserves topology (bones), Excessive radiation, Not good for all soft tissues
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

  Image Formation: Hydrogen nuclei (protons) under a strong magnetic field spin in phase with one another and align with the field, Relaxed protons induce a measurable radio signal
• F. Bloch and E. Purcell, extended by R. Ernst


  1952
• Bloch & Purcet won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1952, Ernst won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1991
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

  Main modality for image guided surgery, Superb ability to discriminate between subtle differences in tissue characteristics, Very safe, Less accurate for bone scanning
• Ultrasound


  Image Formation: An ultrasonic energy is propagated into the patient from a transducer placed on the skin and back-scattered echo signal is recorded by the same transducer
• Samuel H. Maslak developed ultrasound


  1979
• Ultrasound


  Noninvasive, Clean & safe, In-expensive, Noisy, Gas filled and bony structures cannot be imaged because they absorb ultrasound waves
• Dr. David Townsend and Dr. Ron Nutt developed positron emission tomography (PET)


  1998-2001