English 2 Part 1

• (Paragraph or Essay) Organized around a topic sentence.

  Paragraph
• (Paragraph or Essay) Contains an introductory sentence.

  Paragraph
• (Paragraph or Essay) Uses sentences to explain major points.

  Paragraph
• (Paragraph or Essay) May use a concluding sentence.

  Parapgraph
• (Paragraph or Essay) Organized around a thesis statement.

  Essay
• (Paragraph or Essay) Contains an introductory paragraph.

  Paragraph
• (Paragraph or Essay) Uses paragraphs to explain major points.

  Paragraph
• (Paragraph or Essay) Always uses a concluding paragraph

  Paragraph
• Group of interrelated sentences that focus on one main idea.

  Paragraph
• An essay is a group of paragraphs that focuses on one central idea.
• The topic sentence contains the main idea of the paragraph.
• The supporting details provide additional information or details that explain the main idea.
• Cohesive devices are words used to create a connection between parts of the sentences.
• Concluding sentence concludes the information or arguments presented in the text.
• Getting the audience's attention using lead or attention-getting statements such as statistics, anecdote, quotation , rhetorical or provocative questions or a statement.

  Introduction
• Restatement of the thesis statement.

  Conclusion
• Recommendations, benefits of ideas, or purpose of the essay

  Conclusion
• The body is where the topic is developed and where the arguments are presented.
• Transitional paragraph bridges one paragraph to another.
• Unity refers to a composition focusing on one idea and all supporting ideas support the main thought.
• Organization refers to the logical and accurate arrangement of ideas in the composition.
• Coherence is the connection of ideas at the conceptual or ideal level.
• To achieve coherence, the first topic should be relevant to the next.
• Cohesion involves the use of proper pronouns, transitional devices and keywords repetition in order to establish a connection of ideas at the sentence level.
• Cohesion refers to the smooth flow of sentences and ideas.
• Writers consider their language use to effectively communicate their ideas without confusing the readers.
• Language use is classified into 3 levels:

  1. Informal or personal
  2. Standard or Academic
  3. Business or Technical
• Are slang or local expressions, typically used in in text messaging.

  Informal or Personal
• Words and phrases that are widely accepted in books, magazines and newspapers, often in formal contexts.


  Academic or Standard
• This language use involves the use of scientific terms or jargons that only certain people within a field could understand.

  Business or Technical
• 1. Use clear and concise sentences, usually about 18 words long.
• 2. Avoid redundancies, cliche wordiness, and highfalutin language.
• 3. Avoid overusing "there" and "it."
• 4. Use precise vocabulary.
• 5. Be consistent in pronoun point of view.
• 6. Avoid sexist language (Something that describes one gender without consideration of the opposite gender).
• 7. Use appropriate level of formality.
• Mechanics focuses on the technicalities of a structure
• Spelling, Capitalization, Abbreviation and Acronyms, Numbers, Punctuation Marks and Grammar are the aspects of the Mechanics.
• 1. Always use standard english.