9.7

• Williams syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with intellectual disability and with a heterogeneous pattern of abilities and disabilities. Individuals with this have an accompanying intellectual disability but they exceptional hypersociability.
• People with Williams syndrome are sociable, empathetic, and talkative.
• Individuals with William's syndrome not only has strengths in language but also they are musically gifted.
• Another cognitive strength of individuals with Williams syndrome is their near-typical ability to recognize faces.
• Which is true about the serious cognitive deficits of William's syndrome?

  1. Severe attentional problems
  2. Undeveloped spatial abilities
  3. Both 1 and 2

  3. is the answer.
• True or False: Persons with Williams syndrome have difficulty perceiving negative emotion in faces.

  True
• True or False: Individuals with William's syndrome rate unfamiliar faces as more friendly than do persons without Williams syndrome which is why they are hypersociable.

  True
• One heart disorder associated with William's syndrome was found to result from a mutation in a gene on chromosome 7 that controls the synthesis of elastin, a protein that imparts elasticity to many organs and tissues, including the heart
• Extra copies of the same segment of chromosome 7 display symptoms of ASD.
• Williams syndrome is associated with a general thinning of the cortex and underlying white matter.
• The cortical thinning associated with William's Syndrome is greatest in two areas: at the boundary of the parietal and occipital lobes and in the orbitofrontal cortex
• Orbitofrontal cortex is the inferior area of frontal cortex near the orbits, or eye sockets.
• The thickness of the cortex in one area in people with Williams syndrome is often typical: the superior temporal gyrus.
• In those with Williams syndrome:

  Thinning in Parietal and occipital lobes and in the orbitofrontal cortex: profound impairment of spatial cognition and remarkable hypersociability. ; Thickening of superior temporal gyrus: high levels of language and music processing
• According to Pinel and Barnes (2021), people with William's Syndrome are commonly depicted as:

  1. Pixies
  2. Elves
  3. Leprechauns
  4. All of the Above

  4 is the answer.
• A cell has the ability to develop into any class of cell in the body.

  Totipotent
• BDNF


  brain-derived neurotrophic factor