BIOL WEEK 10 LECTURE 1

• Doctor Steven Glasgow


  Lecturer for the last three weeks of the course, Biology one P 92
• Chapter 41


  Focused on animal bodies and homeostasis from the Brooker Biology textbook sixth edition
• Animals like humans are complex organisms made up of multiple systems that work together to maintain the necessary conditions for life
• Homeostasis


  One of the most important processes that allow animals to maintain the necessary conditions for life
• Maintaining homeostasis in animals

  1. Involves the nervous system

  2. Involves the endocrine system

  3. Involves the circulatory system
• Animals adapt to changes in their environment and the consequences that can arise when homeostasis is disrupted
• Animal bodies


  Organized and complex relationship between structure and function
• By the end of today's lecture, you should have a deeper understanding of how animals are organized and the importance of maintaining homeostasis for the survival and well being of these complex organisms
• Salts


  The basic building blocks of all animals
• Salts


  • Come in many different shapes and sizes
  • Perform a variety of functions depending on their type
• Muscle cells


  Responsible for movement
• Nerve cells


  Transmit information throughout the body
• Blood cells


  Carry oxygen and nutrients to tissues
• Animal cells


  • Exchange material with their surroundings
  • Obtain energy from organic nutrients
  • Synthesize new complex molecules
  • Detect and respond to signals from their environments
  • Reproduce themselves
• Animal development


  1. Begin as single cells

  2. Divide multiple times

  3. Daughter cells become increasingly specialized to perform particular functions
• Animal bodies


  Complex structures made up of multiple systems that work together to ensure the proper functioning of the organism as a whole
• Animal body organisation


  1. Cells

  2. Tissues

  3. Organs

  4. Organ systems
• Tissues


  Groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function
• Main types of animal tissues

  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscle
  • Nervous
• Epithelial tissues


  Line the surfaces of the body such as the skin and the lining of organs
• Connective tissues


  Provide support and structure such as bone and cartilage
• Muscle tissues


  Allow for movement such as skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle
• Nervous tissues


  Transmit electrical signals such as neurons and glia
• Organs


  Structures made up of two or more different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
• Organs in an animal

  • Heart
  • Lungs
  • Brain
  • Urinary bladder
• Organ systems


  Groups of organs that work together to perform a particular function or set of functions
• Major organ systems in the human body

  • Digestive system
  • Respiratory system
  • Circulatory system
  • Urinary system
• Animal organism


  Composed of all of its organ systems working together to maintain homeostasis and carry out the functions necessary for survival and reproduction
• Organization of animal bodies

  • Hierarchical with individual cells, making up tissues, tissues, making up organs, organs, making up organ systems and organ systems working together to form an entire organism
  • Each level of organization is important for the proper functioning of the animal as a whole
• Tissues


  Groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function within the body
• Tissues in multicellular organisms

  • Generally organized into larger structures such as organs and organ systems that allow for the co-ordination and regulation of bodily function
• Main types of animal tissues

  • Muscle tissue
  • Nervous tissue
  • Epithelial tissue
• Muscle tissue


  Responsible for movement within the body, including movement of limbs and internal organs
• Types of muscle tissue

  • Skeletal
  • Cardiac
  • Smooth
• Nervous tissue


  Composed of specialized cells called neurons and glia cells that transmit and process signals throughout the body and allows for communication and coordinating between different parts of the body and the brain
• Epithelial tissue


  • Lines the surfaces of the body, including the skin as well as the lining of internal organs and body cavities
  • Functions to protect the body from external damage and regulate the exchange of substances between the body and its environment
• Organs in an animal

  • Heart
  • Lungs
  • Brain
  • Urinary bladder
• Organ systems


  Groups of organs that work together to perform a particular function or set of functions
• Major organ systems in the human body

  • Digestive system
  • Respiratory system
  • Circulatory system
  • Urinary system
• Animal organism


  Composed of all of its organ systems working together to maintain homeostasis and carry out the functions necessary for survival and reproduction