Lecturer for the last three weeks of the course, Biology one P 92
Chapter 41
Focused on animal bodies and homeostasis from the Brooker Biology textbook sixth edition
Animals like humans are complex organisms made up of multiple systems that work together to maintain the necessary conditions for life
Homeostasis
One of the most important processes that allow animals to maintain the necessary conditions for life
Maintaining homeostasis in animals
1. Involves the nervous system
2. Involves the endocrine system
3. Involves the circulatory system
Animals adapt to changes in their environment and the consequences that can arise when homeostasis is disrupted
Animal bodies
Organized and complex relationship between structure and function
By the end of today's lecture, you should have a deeper understanding of how animals are organized and the importance of maintaining homeostasis for the survival and well being of these complex organisms
Salts
The basic building blocks of all animals
Salts
Come in many different shapes and sizes
Perform a variety of functions depending on their type
Muscle cells
Responsible for movement
Nerve cells
Transmit information throughout the body
Blood cells
Carry oxygen and nutrients to tissues
Animal cells
Exchange material with their surroundings
Obtain energy from organic nutrients
Synthesize new complex molecules
Detect and respond to signals from their environments
Reproduce themselves
Animal development
1. Begin as single cells
2. Divide multiple times
3. Daughter cells become increasingly specialized to perform particular functions
Animal bodies
Complex structures made up of multiple systems that work together to ensure the proper functioning of the organism as a whole
Animal body organisation
1. Cells
2. Tissues
3. Organs
4. Organ systems
Tissues
Groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function
Main types of animal tissues
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Epithelial tissues
Line the surfaces of the body such as the skin and the lining of organs
Connective tissues
Provide support and structure such as bone and cartilage
Muscle tissues
Allow for movement such as skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle
Nervous tissues
Transmit electrical signals such as neurons and glia
Organs
Structures made up of two or more different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
Organs in an animal
Heart
Lungs
Brain
Urinary bladder
Organ systems
Groups of organs that work together to perform a particular function or set of functions
Major organ systems in the human body
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Circulatory system
Urinary system
Animal organism
Composed of all of its organ systems working together to maintain homeostasis and carry out the functions necessary for survival and reproduction
Organization of animal bodies
Hierarchical with individual cells, making up tissues, tissues, making up organs, organs, making up organ systems and organ systems working together to form an entire organism
Each level of organization is important for the proper functioning of the animal as a whole
Tissues
Groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function within the body
Tissues in multicellular organisms
Generally organized into larger structures such as organs and organ systems that allow for the co-ordination and regulation of bodily function
Main types of animal tissues
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
Responsible for movement within the body, including movement of limbs and internal organs
Types of muscle tissue
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Nervous tissue
Composed of specialized cells called neurons and glia cells that transmit and process signals throughout the body and allows for communication and coordinating between different parts of the body and the brain
Epithelial tissue
Lines the surfaces of the body, including the skin as well as the lining of internal organs and body cavities
Functions to protect the body from external damage and regulate the exchange of substances between the body and its environment
Organs in an animal
Heart
Lungs
Brain
Urinary bladder
Organ systems
Groups of organs that work together to perform a particular function or set of functions
Major organ systems in the human body
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Circulatory system
Urinary system
Animal organism
Composed of all of its organ systems working together to maintain homeostasis and carry out the functions necessary for survival and reproduction