SOLUTION, SUSPENSION, COLLOID

• HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES

  • also called as SOLUTIONS
  • the appearance is uniform and components cannot be seen
  • components/ingredients are not distinguished from one another
• COMPONENTS OF MIXTURE

  SOLVENT - main component

  SOLUTE - dissolved additive
• SOLUBILITY


  determined by the amount of SOLUTE that can be dissolved in a fixed amount of SOLVENT
• DILUTE AND CONCENTRATED

  • A dilute solution has a small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent
  • A concentrated solution has a large amount of solute in a small amount of solvent.
• CONCENTRATION

  • a solution's concentration is a measure of how much solute is dissolved in a specified amount of solvent
  • another way of expressing concentration is percent composition
  • the concentration may be increased by adding more solute, it may be decreased by adding more solvent
• MISCIBLE SOLUTIONS

  • liquids that mix well with water
• IMMISCIBLE SOLUTIONS

  • liquids that do not form a solution
• GASEOUS SOLUTIONS


  Air = homogeneous mixtures

  78% nitrogen

  21% oxygen

  1% carbon dioxide
• SOLID SOLUTIONS


  Steel = homogeneous mixtures

  manganese

  phosphorus

  sulphur

  silicon

  nickel

  chromium
• SUSPENSION

  • heterogeneous mixtures that contain large particles that settle out when left undisturbed.
  • the solute particles remain identifiable as they are suspended within a liquid
• COLLOID

  • a stable mixture in which undissolved particles or droplets stay mixed in another substance
  • the particles do not dissolve, yet do not settle out
  • substances that show the characteristics of both liquid and solid because the molecules that make colloids are either large or clumps of molecules
• COLLOID

  • particles are large enough to scatter light
• TYNDALL EFFECT

  • ability of a mixture to scatter light
  • NOTE: simple test will help you distinguish solution, suspensions, colloids
• BROWNIAN MOTION

  • motion of particles in a colloid
• EMULSION

  • suspension of 2 liquids that usually do not mix
• EMULSIFIER

  • a compound or substance that acts as a stabilizer for emulsions
  • soluble in fat and water and enable fat to be uniformly dispersed in water as an emulsion
  • stabilizers maintain emulsions in a stable form