Reading and Writing Skills

• CONTEXT

  Defined as the social, cultural, political, historical and other related

  circumstances. Context refers to the occasion, or situation, that informs the reader about why a document was written and how it was written
• Hypertext is a word that gives reference

  or related information of the topic/main text.
• Intertextuality is the process of referencing or giving related information to the topic/main text.
• Book Review or Article Critique


  • Evaluates and analyzes a book's content and style
  • Can be a summary review or an opinion piece
  • May be printed in magazines, periodicals, newspapers, websites, etc. for various purposes
  • Can be a single paragraph or as long as a substantial essay
  • May also be used to present an idea or display learning
• Literature Review


  • Doesn't just summarize sources, it analyzes, synthesizes, and critically evaluates to give a clear picture of the state of knowledge on the subject
• Research Report

  • Must have introduction, review of literature, methods, results, and discussion
  • Recorded data prepared by researchers or statisticians after analyzing information gathered by conducting organized research, typically in the form of surveys or qualitative methods
  • Reports usually are spread across a vast horizon of topics but are focused on communicating information about a particular topic and a very niche target market
  • The primary motive is to convey integral details about a study for marketers to consider while designing new strategies
  • Ideal research reports are extremely accurate in the offered information with a clear objective and conclusion
  • There should be a clean and structured format
• Project Proposal


  • Substantial plan, executive summary, history, requirements, solution, authorization, and appendix
  • Core document that helps sell a potential project to sponsors and stakeholders
  • Defines the objectives and requirements of a project for the external party
  • For the internal party, it is a method to analyze the feasibility and profitability of the project
  • Main objective is to get the client to buy into the services
  • Outlines the project's value proposition, including the central problem, resources, timeline, budget, and key deliverables
• Position Paper

  • Substantial assertion, refined argument, and credible sources
  • Chooses a side on a particular topic, sometimes controversial, and builds up a case for the opinion using statistics and other evidence to convince the reader
  • Published in academia, politics, law and other domains
  • The goal is to convince the audience that the opinion presented is valid and worth listening to
• Purpose, audience, and subject are important considerations in producing quality and effective professional documents
• Purposeful writing in the disciplines and aimed mostly at various professions might be academic writing
• Academic writing is backed by research, critical in nature, usually targets a well-informed group, and is presented in a not so formal manner to increase clarity while firmly staying objective
• A good literature review doesn't just summarize sources – it analyzes, synthesizes, and critically evaluates to give a clear picture of the state of knowledge on the subject
• Research reports are recorded data prepared by researchers or statisticians after analyzing information gathered by conducting organized research, typically in the form of surveys or qualitative methods
• The various sections of a research report are: Introduction, Literature Review, Methods, Results, and Discussion.
• The main objective of the project proposal is to get the client to buy into the services
• Writing a successful project proposal requires being on the same page with the clients and figuring out exactly what they want to achieve with the project
• A project proposal outlines the project's value proposition, including the central problem, resources, timeline, budget, and key deliverables
• The purpose of a position paper is to convince the audience that the opinion presented is valid and worth listening to
• Resume


  A document that lists your work experience, education, skills and achievements to convince an employer that you are suitable for a role
• Purpose of a resume

  • To demonstrate that you are employable, meet the job and organization's requirements, have the right qualifications and experience, and have the right level of professionalism
• What a resume should include

  • Contact details (name, email, phone number)
  • Opening statement (summary of who you are, what you've studied/worked, and what you bring to the job)
  • Key skills and strengths (10-15 skills relevant to the job)
  • Technical/software skills
  • Personal attributes (3-5 traits)
  • Educational history (highest level of education)
  • Employment history (most recent job first)
  • References (3 people who can recommend you)
  • Testimonial (positive statement about your skills and experience)
• Resumes should not include personal information like birth date, gender, address, health issues, or disabilities (unless it gives you an advantage)
• Resumes should not have typos, factual errors, images/graphics, fancy formatting, or information in tables
• Resumes should be submitted in Word format, not PDF, unless specifically requested
• A well-written resume will generate phone calls asking you to come in for interviews
• Features

  • A review gives the reader a concise summary of the content
  • A review offers critical assessment of the content
  • Often recommends whether or not the readers should value the book
• How to write a Book Review

  1. Pick a book
  2. Read the book
  3. Take some notes (grab a journal)
  4. Review your notes
  5. Form your opinion
  6. Start writing the draft (proofread your draft)
• Features of Literature Review

  • clear
  • synthesized
  • thematic
  • factual sources/evidences
• Literature Review is usually produced by graduates or post-grad students or even doctorate. Slowly practiced by SHS students and a requirement for college.

  • Part of the thesis
• Writing the Literature Review

  • Search for relevant literature
  • Evaluate sources
  • Identify themes, debates, and gaps
  • Outline the structure
  • Write your literature review
• The various sections of research report

  • Summary
  • Background / Introduction
  • Implemented Methods