oral comm

• Merriam Webster Dictionary defines communication as the act of using words, sounds, signs, or behavior to express or exchange information.
• • According to McCornack (2014), communication is a process of sharing and conveying messages or information from person to another within and across channels, contexts, media, and cultures.
• • Communication is an international or conscious use of any sound sign or symbol to transmit a fact or an idea, a feeling or emotion from one individual.
• • Communication is a process 
• • It occurs between two people or more.
• • Can be expressed through written or spoken words, action (non-verbal), or both at the same time.
• Speaker is the source of information or message 
• 1. Message

  • The information, idea or thought conveyed by the speaker.
• Encoding is the Process of converting a message into words, actions, or other forms that the speaker understands.
• Channel - the Medium or mean on how the encoded message is being conveyed. 
• 1. Decoding

  • Process of interpreting the encoded message by the speaker to the receiver.
• 1. Receiver

  • Recipient of the message; someone who decodes the message.
• 1. Feedback

  • The response or reaction of the receiver.
• 1. Context

  • Environment where communication takes place.
• 1. Barrier

  • Factors that affect the flow of communication.
• 1. Regulation or Control

  • This function is used to control the behavior of people; to regulate the nature and amount of activities people engage in.
• 1. Social Interaction 

  • Used to produce social interaction.
• 1. Motivation

  • Used to express desires, wants, needs, and etc.
• 1. Emotional Expression 

  • These are necessary to enhance messages, convey authenticity, and develop trust.
• 1. Information 

  • Communication is used to get and give information.
• 1. Intrapersonal

  • When a person talks to himself/herself mentally to process an information received.
• 1. Interpersonal

  • Communication  between  and among people.
• 1. Interpersonal

  • Communication  between  and among people.
• 1. Public Communication 

  • Requires you to deliver or send the messages before or in front of a group.
• 1. Intercultural 

  • Aims to share information  across different cultures and social groups.
• Aristotelian Model

  • Mainly focuses on the speech and speaker
• Schramm Model

  • Focused on the “field of experience” which refers to the past and present.
• Berlo Model

  • SMCR. The receiver who interprets and analyzes the message is the end of the process.
• Linear Communication Models

  • The process of communication  moves in only one direction from the sender to the receiver.
•  

  • Improve process: feedback is the next stage of the process. It is a two-way process of communication.


  Interactive
• Transactional 

  • More detailed and involves more elements of communication. (Face-to-face)
• Shanon  Model

  • This model sends a message with a use of a transmitter.
• Appropriateness 

  • The language  that you use should be appropriate  to the environment. (formal or informal)
• Brevity

  • Speakers who often use simple yet precise and powerful words are found to be more credible.
• Clarity

  • The meaning of words, feelings, or ideas may be interpreted differently by the listener
• Ethics

  • Words should be chosen carefully in consideration of gender, age, roles, ethics preferences, and status.
• Vividness

  • Words that creatively describe things or feelings usually add spices and color to the communication.
• 1. Phonemes  (set of sounds)

  • is a sound that may distinguish one word from another word.
• 1. Grammar

  • Description of the structure of a language also refers to the study of the patterns in forming words and sentences in a language.
• Morphology - study of patterns for making words