Science

• Imaginary vertical lines - are called longitudes and are used to specify the East and West directions, sometimes called ”the meridians” they are starting point of zero called the PRIME MERIDIAN
• Imaginary horizontal lines- are called Latitudes which specify the North and South, tjis starting point of the latitude is called the Equator - located between north and south pole
• Non-renewable- it exists in a fixed quantity and be depleted much faster than they are formed
• Metallic mineral resource- such as iron,copper and alumiwhich can be recycled
• Most abundant gas in the atmosphere is nitrogen, 78% of the atmosphere is nitrogen
• Layers of atmosphere

  -exosphere

  -thermosphere

  -mesosphere

  -stratosphere

  -troposphere
• Troposphere- closest to the earth’s surfac, weather occurs here because It contains most of the water vapor, may have bumpy ride (turbulenc)

  altitude in km= 0-20

  temp in °C = 15-60
• Stratosphere- many jet aircraft flies in this layer because it is very stable, This OZONE layer absorbs the suns UV rays

  altitude in km-= 10-50km,

  temperature is -60 to -70 degrees
• Mesosphere- meteor or rock, fragments burn up in this layer

  80-100 km, temperature is 1000 degrees, it is mostly nitrogen and oxygen
• Thermosphere- Space shuttle fly here, is also where AURORAS are found

  AURORAS reffered to as northern lights

  is caused when the solar wind strike gases in the atmosphere

  -UV and X-ray radiation from the sun absorbs in this layer.
• Exosphere- this layer merges into space, satellites are stationed in this area

  The outermost layer of the atmosphere, extending from 500 to 1,000 kilometers above the Earth.
• Winds- are called the “moving air” or the air that moves horizontally
• when wind is blowing- the wind vane points intk the wind
• Air molecules

  HOT- expand when heated,less dense

  COLD- contract when the temp is cold,more dense
• Since the warm air become lighter, it rises, when the warm air is rising the colder air move when warm air is rising

  -this process happens continuously and creates a cyle aka AIR CONVECTION
• Air convection- is a process of air circulation wherein the warm air is risng giving way to cooler air to sink and replace rising warm air
• Sea breeze- during the day, as the sun heats the earths surface, the land heats ul faster than the water in the sea
• Land breeze- at night, the land and sea will cool down, the land will lose heatand cool down faster than the water in the sea
• Low pressure area- the area where the warm are rises
• High-pressure area- the cool air sinks since it id denser than the warm air
• Monsoons- are wind systems which are visually accompanied by heavy rainfall which greatly affects our country
• Monsoons are known as Hanging AMIHAN at hanging HABAGAT

  -AMIHAN aka the Northeast monsoon- is a wind system experienced by filips during colder months | December-February | this wind blows from hinger-pressure area in the asian continent to the LPA south of Ph
• HABAGAT aka Southwest monsoon- is a wind system which the wind system that will move from the higher pressure area in Australia to the Lpa,

  -happens in warmer months | June-Nov
• The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)- is the place where winds in the area near the equator meet or converge.
• Above the equator- Northern hemisphere

  Below the equator- Southern hemisphere
• Philippine Atmoshphere Geophysical Astronomical Service Administration (PAGASA)