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• The Internet - The backbone of modern web development, providing the infrastructure that enables communication and the exchange of information across the globe.
• Three Essential Aspects of the Internet

  1. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

  2. Internet Service Providers

  3. World Wide Web
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - Serves as the foundation of communication on the internet
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - A set of protocols that governs how data packets are transmitted and received between devices connected to the internet
• TCP/IP - enables seamless communication between devices regardless of their location or underlying network infrastructure.
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – ensures reliable delivery of data by establishing connections, sequencing packets, and handling error detection and correction
• Internet Protocol (IP) – responsible for addressing and routing packets across networks, ensuring they reach their intended destination.
• Internet Service Providers (ISP) - Provide access to the global network through various technologies such as DSL, cable, fibre-optic, or wireless connections.
• Internet Service Providers (ISP) - Manage physical infrastructures required for data transmission, including cables, routers, and servers.
• Internet Service Providers (ISP) - ISPs assign unique IP addresses to the users, allowing them to send and receive data over the internet.
• Internet Service Providers (ISP) - Also serve as intermediaries between users and the wider internet, routing traffic and providing services such as email hosting, domain registration, and web hosting
• World Wide Web (WWW or The Web) - is an information system built on top of the Internet.
• World Wide Web (WWW or The Web) -encompasses billions of interconnected web pages and websites, allowing users to access and share a vast array of resources, including text, images, videos, and applications
• World Wide Web (WWW or The Web) - At the heart of the Web are hyperlinks, which enable users to navigate between web pages by simply clicking on links
• The Web operates on a client-server model
• HTML , CSS , and JavaScript are the foundational technologies used to create and design web pages, providing structure, presentation, and interactivity, respectively.
• Web Hosting - Provides infrastructure and services necessary to make websites accessible on the internet
• Web Hosting -involves storing and serving website files and data on servers that are connected to the Internet
• Web Hosting -These servers are typically housed in data centers, equipped with high-speed internet connections, backup power supplies, and security measures to ensure uninterrupted operation and protection of data
• Types of Web Hosting

  • Shared Hosting
  • VPS Hosting (Virtual Private Server)
  • Dedicated Hosting
  • Cloud Hosting
• Shared Hosting - multiple websites share resources on the same server. It's an affordable option suitable for small websites or beginners. May lead to slower performance if other sites on the server experience high traffic.
• VPS Hosting (Virtual Private Server)- VPS hosting provides a dedicated portion of server resources to each website, offering more control and flexibility compared to shared hosting. It's ideal for websites with moderate traffic or specific requirements.
• Dedicated Hosting - clients lease an entire server exclusively for their website. This option provides maximum control, customization, and performance, making it suitable for high-traffic websites or applications with demanding resource needs.
• Cloud Hosting - utilizes a network of virtual servers distributed across multiple physical locations. It offers scalability, reliability, and flexibility, allowing resources to be scaled up or down based on demand.
• Cloud hosting - is well-suited for websites experiencing unpredictable traffic patterns or requiring high availability.
• Significance of Web Hosting in Web Development

  • directly impacts factors such as website performance, security, and reliability

  • Choosing the right web hosting provider and plan is essential to ensure optimal performance and user experience.

  • web developers need to consider factors such as server location, bandwidth, storage, and technical support when selecting a hosting solution for their projects.
• The Web Development Process

  1. Planning

  2. Design

  3. Development

  4. Testing

  5. Deployment
• Planning - The first step in web development involves defining project goals, identifying target audience, and outlining project requirements.
• Planning - This phase may also include creating wireframes or prototypes to visualize the layout and functionality of the website or application.
• Design - Once the requirements are defined, designers work on creating the visual elements of the website, including layout, typography, color schemes, and graphics. Designers often use tools like Adobe Photoshop, Sketch, or Figma to create mockups and design templates.
• Development -this phase involves writing code to bring the design to life

  • Web developers use a combination of programming languages, frameworks, and libraries to build the frontend (client-side) and backend (server-side) components of the website or application
• Frontend Development - focuses on creating the user interface and interactivity using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
• Backend Development - involves implementing server-side logic, database integration, and server management using technologies like Node.js, Python, Ruby on Rails, or PHP
• Testing - Once the website or application is developed, it undergoes rigorous testing to identify and fix any bugs or issues.
• Testing - may include functional testing, performance testing, compatibility testing across different browsers and devices, and user acceptance testing to ensure the product meets the desired quality standards.
• Deployment - Once testing is complete, the website or application is deployed to a web server or hosting environment, making it accessible to users on the Internet
• Deployment -involves configuring server settings, uploading files, and setting up databases to ensure smooth operation of the website or application in a live environment.
• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) - the standard markup language used to create the structure and content of web pages.
• CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) - CSS is used to style the visual presentation of HTML elements, including layout, typography, colors, and animations.
• JavaScript - JavaScript is a versatile programming language used to add interactivity and dynamic behavior to web pages. It's commonly used for clientside scripting, AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML), and building interactive web applications.