RIPH 1

• "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" "Libertad, Igualdad, Fraternidad"
• Philippine Assembly a law authorizing all legislators, active or retired, to bear firearms
• In a mocking editorial of February 1921 the Free Press commented "Now, with our legislators and officials able to strut about with a gun or two guns strapped about their manly waists, they will have to be respected. Now there will be no question as to who is running this show, no affront to their general dignity, no danger of being treated just like ordinary people"
• It matters not that of late the director of Constabulary has been urging greater and greater restrictions of the license to carry. All that matters is that the officials have a chance to show that he is somebody and must be respected
• The annual March ritual of the city-wise student turning home to his village was played out in barrio across the archipelago
• Although graduation and tertiary degree often allowed a villager to leave the barrio for a city civil service post, while still a student he had to return to the village for some holidays
• Having survived the shock of going from country to city, he could now return home, urbane and smartly dressed to reap the reward of admiration and envy
• The Free Press description of this annual ritual in 1929 captures something of its flavor. "These are the days of the returning student, the days when he comes into his own. Behold him as he struts along Main Street of his little town or barrio, the cynosure of all eyes, the observed of all observers, taking in his own right, a sort of collegiate Caesar."
• "Is it any wonder that, under the incense of such flattery, he feels himself a superior being, a conquering hero? Nor let us blame him. For after all the student, like the rest of us, is human, and all of us expand in an atmosphere of homage and hero-worship. Nor do student days and these joyful homecomings last for ever. All too soon comes the stern battle of life with its trials and sorrows and tribulations. So, carpe diem, and be joyful while we may."
• As social conflict and socialist ideology spread in Central Luzon during the 1930s the Free Press was forced to deal with social substance instead of bucolic trivia in its provincial reportage
• Brothers Under the Skin urges Filipinos, in the name of Rizal whose birthday was following day, to end social conflict and deal with each other fairly
• As the Depression worsened, Central Luzon peasants mounted strikes and demonstrations to win tenancy reforms
• Refusing concessions, landlords in Pampanga, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija provinces responded with goon squad repression
• World War 1 sparked an outburst of pro-American loyalty among Filipinos and transformed Uncle Sam's media image
• The prewar cartoons of 1907-08 showed him as a satanic monster, drawn in Caucasian caricature with great nose, fanged teeth and crooked smile
• The Loyalty of the Filipinos (below) was published on April 1917 only days after the US Congress declared war on Germany and America entered the conflict
• The artist Fernando Amorsolo draws a wise handsome Uncle Sam leading the loyal and willing Filipino people to war
• House speaker Sergio Osmena wondered political concessions by suspending the independence campaign for the duration and offering the United States 25,000 troops and a submarine
• Despite the country's poverty, Osmena orchestrated a nationwide loyalty drive which generated 20 million in US war bond sales and $500,000 in Red Cross donations
• Throughout 1933 the battle over acceptance or rejection of the Hare-Hawes-Cutting independence bill continued to rock Philippine politics
• After Speaker Osmeña and Speaker Roxas successfully lobbied the US Congress for its repeal in 1932, Senator Quezon fearing loss of leadership if his two rivals returned home heroes, led the battle for rejection
• When all three leaders returned from Washington in June 1933, the struggle for power began in earnest
• In July Quezon's faction and Manuel Roxas as House Speaker and installed loyalists Quintin Paredes
• When the University of the Philippines Presidents Rafael Palma and Dean Maximo Kalaw supported Osmeña and the 11-H-C Bill, Quezon slashed the university budget by one third
• Palma and Bautista-David resigned and Quezon installed a protégé, Jorge Bocobo as president
• When the Roces family's Taliba-Tangwa-Taliba chain came out for Osmeña and the H-H-C Bill, Quezon raised P3000 among his cronies to buy out Vicente Madrigal's Debate-Mabuhay-Herald chain and install protégé Carlos P. Romulo as editor-in-chief
• Through ruthless reprisals against opponents, Quezon gradually broke the opposition
• As in The Latest (above), the Philippine Legislature, now under his control, voted to reject the H-H-C Bill in October 1933
• In November Quezon led a new mission to Washington and returned five months later with the same bill by a different name, just in time to crush his rivals in the June 1934 legislative elections
• As hero of the independence battles, Quezon's leadership for the rest of the decade was assured
• The United States of America and her majesty the queen regent of Spain, in the name of her August Son Don Alfonso XIII, desiring to end the state of war now existing between the two countries, have for that purpose appointed Plenipotentiaries
• The Treaty of Paris was signed in Paris, December 10, 1898
• Bachelor of Science in Noning 2
• The Sine of the Fine Mass is the Ph
• The Cavite Mains and the Rebelice Case April
• Fint Cry of Rev
• TREATY OF PARIS & POLITICAL CARICATURES OF THE AMERICANERA
• Steward by Prof
• Excerpt from Alfred McCay and Allreds Races' Pultical Caricatures of the Americas E
• Alfred McCry ARW Seed Professer of History at the University of Wiscards Madoce who specializes i