Biology

• A disease is an abnormal condition which interrupts the normal bodily functions
• Infectious diseases are caused by pathogen and can be passed directly from individual to individual
• Non infectious diseases are not caused by pathogens
• Pathogens are biological agents that cause disease (some are living and some are non-living)
• The five types of pathogens are bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and multicellular parasites
• An example of a disease caused by bacteria is salmonella
• An example of a disease caused by viruses is ebola
• An example of a disease caused by fungi is ringworm
• An example of a disease caused by protozoa is plasmodium
• An example of a disease caused by multicellular parasites is tapeworm
• The four factors that can cause non infectious diseases are physiological malfunction, incorrect nutrition, hereditary and environmental factors
• A sign can be detected/seen or measured by another individual
• Symptoms are experiences or felt by the individual affected by the disease
• Infection is when pathogens manage to enter the body and multiply
• Prevention is inhibiting the introduction of a disease into an area, population or individual
• Treatment is the use of an agent or procedure in an attempt to cure or mitigate a disease condition
• Transmission is the passing of a disease causing pathogen from an infected host individual to another individual or group
• The six modes of transmission of infectious disease are airborne, waterborne, foodborne, direct contact, sexually transmitted, insect borne
• The three strategies to control the spread of infectious disease are public health measures, immunity and medicine
• Endemic diseases are a number of diseases that are regularly occurring within an area or community
• An epidemic is the occurrence of more cases of a disease than would be expected in a community, country or region during a given period
• A pandemic is an epidemic of a disease that has spread across a large region (eg. multiple continents or worldwide)
• The immune system is the body system that prevents and fights disease
• The three steps involved in the immune response include barriers to prevent infection, general responses to infection and immunity to specific pathogens