Maslow

• Holistic-Dynamic Theory


  Also called humanistic, transpersonal, needs, or self-actualization theory
• Holistic Dynamic Theory


  Assumes that the whole person is constantly being motivated by one need or another and that people have the potential to grow toward psychological health or self-actualization
• Psychoanalysis and it's Modifications


  First force in psychology
• Behaviorism


  Second force in psychology
• Maslow, Gordon, Allport, Carl Rogers, Colo May

  Third Force in Psychology
• Psychoanalysis; Behaviorism


  Maslow criticized _______ and ______ for their limited views of humanity and inadequate understanding of the psychologically healthy person
• 5


  How many assumptions of motivation does Maslow have?
• 1. Holistic approach to motivation

  2. Motivation is usually complex

  3. People are continually motivated by one another

  4. All people are motivated by the same basic needs

  5. Needs can be arranged on a hierarchy


  Maslow's Basic Assumptions of Motivation
• Holistic approach to motivation

  Whole person, not any single part or function is motivated
• Motivation is usually complex

  A person's behavior may spring form several separate motives that may or may not be unconscious
• People are continually motivated by one another


  A need loses its motivational power and is replace by another once satisfied
• All people are motivated by the same basic needs


  Only the manner by which fundamental needs are met varies across cultures
• Needs can be arranged on a hierarchy


  Lower level needs must be satisfied first before higher level needs become motivators
• Hierarchy of Needs


  Assumes that lower level needs must be satisfied or at least relatively satisfied before higher level needs become motivators
• Hierarchy of Needs


  Composed of conative needs
• Conative Needs


  Need that have a striving or motivational character
• Prepotency


  Lower level needs have ______ over higher level needs
• Prepotency


  Must be at least mostly satisfied before higher level needs are activated
• Physiological

  Safety

  Love and Belongingness

  Esteem

  Self-Actualization


  5 Needs
• Physiological Needs


  Most basic and most prepotent needs that when not satisfied, people will live primarily for them and strive constantly to satisfy them
• 1. Only needs that can be completely satisfied or even overly satisfied

  2. Have a recurring nature


  How are Physiological Needs different from other needs?
• Safety Needs


  Includes: Physical security, Stability, Dependency, Protection, Freedom from threatening forces, need for law, order, and structure
• Cannot be oversatiated


  How are safety needs different from physiological needs?
• Children


  ______ are most motivated by safety needs due to fears such as darkness, animals, strangers, and punishment
• Basic Anxiety


  Some adults feel relatively unsafe because they retain irrational fears from childhood that cause them to act as if they were afraid of parental punishment. They spend more energy satisfying their safety needs. When these safety needs aren't met, they suffer from ______
• Love and Belongingness


  Includes the need for Friendship, Mate and children, Belong to a family, club, neighborhood, or nation, Sex and human contact, Give and receive love
• People who had their love and belongingness needs adequately satisfied


  These people do not panic when denied love and have confidence to be accepted by those important to them
• People who have never experienced love and belongingness

  People who are incapable of giving love and therefore, will eventually learn to devalue love and take its absence for granted
• People who have received love and belongingness only in small doses


  These people have only received a taste of love so they are strongly motivated to seek it; They have stronger needs for affection and acceptance than the other groups
• Esteem Needs


  Includes needs such as Self-respect, Confidence, Competence, Confidence that others hold them in high esteem
• Reputation; Self-Esteem


  Two Levels of Esteem Needs
• Reputation


  Perception of the prestige, recognition, or fame a person has achieved in the eyes of others
• Self-esteem


  Person's own feelings of worth and confidence that is based on real competence and not merely on others' opinions
• Self-Actualization


  When esteem needs are met, people do not always move to ______
• Because they don't embrace the B-values


  Why do people never move from esteem to self-actualization?
• Self-Actualizing


  People who highly respect B-values become ______
• Frustrated


  People who do not are ______ in self-actualization needs
• Self-Actualization


  Includes Self-fulfillment, Realization of all one's potential, Desire to become creative in the full sense of the world
• Independent


  Self-actualizing people become ______ from the lower level needs
• Aesthetic Needs

  Cognitive Needs

  Neurotic Needs


  Other Categories of Needs