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Cards (98)
Electric
charge
Intrinsic
property of the particles that make up
matter
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Electric charge
Can be
positive
or
negative
Atoms are composed of
negatively-charged
electrons and
positively-charged
protons
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Coulomb
Unit of electric charge (
C
)
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Proton and electron have equal and opposite elementary charge =
1.6
x 10^
-19
C
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Charge on
proton
= +
1.6
x 10^-19 C
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Charge on electron =
-1.6
x 10^
-19
C
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Protons and neutrons are made up of
quarks
with 2/3 and -1/3 charges (electrons are still
fundamental
)
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Charge cannot be created or destroyed (it is
conserved
) but it can be
moved
around
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Charges
feel
electrostatic
forces
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Balloon rubbed against nylon jumper
Causes a force of
attraction
to human
hair
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Positive
charge on balloon
Friction moves electrons from hair to balloon, making balloon
negatively
charged and hair
positively
charged
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Rubbing
balloon
on hair
1. Balloon becomes
negatively
charged
2. Hair becomes
positively
charged
3. Hair stands on end (like charges
repel
)
4. Balloon sticks to hair (
opposite
charges
attract
)
5. Balloon near wall, wall's electrons
repelled
making it positively charged, balloon sticks to wall (
opposite
charges attract)
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Coulomb's
law
Describes the strength and
direction
of the
electrostatic
force between two charges
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Electrostatic force
Is a vector, with
magnitude
and
direction
Direction can be indicated by
components
or a
unit
vector
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Two 0.5 kg spheres with 100 μC charges,
25
cm apart
Calculate
electrostatic
force and compare to
weight
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Where multiple charges are present, the
forces
sum as
vectors
(principle of superposition)
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The
combined
force on a charge from multiple other charges is the
vector sum
of the individual forces
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Two
protons
3.6
nm apart, electron 1.2 nm from one proton
Calculate
total force
on electron
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Electric field
The force a unit
positive charge
would experience if placed at a
point
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Electric field
Is a vector, with direction represented by field lines
Field lines start on
positive
charges and end on
negative
charges
Field lines are
closer together
where the field is
stronger
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Electric field around a
positive
charge
Field lines radially
outward
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Electric field around a
negative
charge
Field lines radially
inward
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Electric field between two charges
Unlike
charges: field lines between
Like
charges: field lines repel
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Electric field between charged plates
Constant electric field
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Positive
5
μC charge, negative 2 μC charge 0.74
m
apart on x-axis, point P 0.6 m above
positive
charge
Calculate electric field and force on a +1.5 μC charge at P
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Electric dipole
A pair of
positive
and
negative
charges
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An electric dipole in an electric field will feel a
torque
but no
net force
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Electrostatic analyzer
Selects
velocities
of
charged
particles based on the force they experience in an electric field
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Conductors
Metals where some
electrons
are weakly held and can
move freely
, creating
electric
current
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Insulators
Non-metals where
electrons
are strongly held and cannot
move
freely
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Semiconductors
Half-way
between conductors and
insulators
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Matter is made up of
positive
and
negative
charges
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Electrons/protons carry the elementary charge
1.6
x 10^
-19
C
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Forces between charges are described by
Coulomb's Law
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Forces from
multiple
charges sum as
vectors
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Electric field
describes the
force-field
around charges
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Two 0.5 kg spheres with 60 μC charges, 1400 N force
Calculate
distance
between spheres
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Electric field of 1.25 x 10^6 N/C at 0.15 m from point charge
(a) Calculate
electric flux
through sphere of 0.15 m radius
(b) Calculate
magnitude
of point charge
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Parallel-plate air capacitor
(a) Calculate plate separation to store
240
pC at
42
V
(b) Calculate potential difference to store
240
pC if plate separation is
doubled
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Carbon rod resistance at
25.8°C
Calculate
resistance
given resistance at 0°C and
temperature coefficient
View source
See all 98 cards
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