TLE REVIEWER

• lettering is the process by which letters and numbers are formed freehand
• lettering is considered as the written language of the industry
• 4000 BC egyptian hieroglyphics is also known as picture writing and it is originated from acient egypt
• 3250 BC cunieform writings was introduced by the sumerians also known as wedge-shaped took the form of symbols
• 2500 BC hieratic scripts and demotic scripts is also introduced my egyptians, there is two types of it hieratic script is used by priest and demotic script is used by merchants
• 1000 BC phoenicians alphabet, phoenicians adopted hieratic writing developing of 22 letters
• 700 BC greek letters, greeks adopted phoenician letter and develop the vowel letters contributing 13 letters to the roman alphabet
• 200 BC roman alphabet introduced 22 capital letters which are the basis of the modern day alphabet
• roman alphabet modified the capital letters to be more readable except J & V
• 9TH sentury-carolingans letter invented lowercase letters during the reign of king Charlemagne the first holy emperor
• 1722 formal script was introduced by germans, french and english and is done with artistic manner
• 1890 sans serif and literary means "without serif", introduced by the english
• cartoon script 1945 introduced by the americans
• gothic letters=uniform width
• italic letters=inclined letters
• roman=thick and thin(serif)
• script=cursive letters
• old english=for diplomas
• cap line- the uppermost line for uppercase letters and for ascender
• waist line- between cap and base lines, used to determine the height of the lower case letters
• base line- line where all the letters rest or stand
• drop line- a line fr letters with strokes that extend downward known as descender
• normal letters- are used when the space for letter is adequate. They are neither to narrow nor too wide
• compressed letters- these letters are narrower than normal letters and they are used when the space is narrower than normal
• extended letters- these letters are wider than normal letters and they are used when the space for lettering is very wide
• rule of stability in letters and numbers- the upper portion of the letters B, E, K, S, X AND Z and the figures 2, 3, 8 must be slightly reduced in size. This is to correct the optical illusion
• space between letters- uniformity in spacing of letters is a matter of equalizing spaces by eyes. The distances are intentionally made unequal but the backround of areas between letters are approximately equal and the result is an even and pleasing spacing