understanding

• ANTHROPOLOGY

  · It includes topics such as human origin, globalization, social change, and world history.

  · It is the study of humankind in all times and all places.

  · It is the study of humanity including our prehistoric origins and contemporary human diversity.
• Goals

  · Discover what makes people different from one another in order to understand and preserve

  diversity – Anthropology attempts to answer questions like, “What does it mean to be a Filipino

  and a citizen of the world?” It is not enough that anthropologists find out the characteristics that

  make Filipinos unique, it is also important to emphasize the Filipino traits that makes them “one”

  with the rest of the world.
• Goals

  · Discover what all people have in common – By studying commonalities (folklores, traditions,

  language, etc.) in all humanity, we could understand more about the human’s nature.
• Look at one’s own culture more objectively like an outsider – It aims to make “the strange

  familiar and the familiar strange.” Anthropology also challenges individuals to evaluate and

  criticize their own culture. This is important so that people will be aware of the faults in their

  own culture and make necessary changes for its betterment.
• Produce new knowledge and new theories about humankind and human behavior – This new

  knowledge is then applied in an attempt to alleviate human challenges.
• Cultural Anthropology – Refers to the study of living people and their cultures including

  variation and change. It deals with the description and analysis of the forms and styles and the

  social lives of past and present ages. Cultural anthropologists also study art, religion, migration,

  marriage, and family.
• Linguistic Anthropology – Refers to the study of communication, mainly (but not exclusively)

  among humans. It includes the study of communication’s origins, history, and contemporary

  variation.
• Archaeology - Refers to the study of past human cultures through their material remains. It is the

  study of past human cultures through the recovery and analysis of artifacts.
• Biological anthropology – Also known as “physical anthropology”, this refers to the study of

  humans as biological organisms including their evolution and contemporary variation. It seeks to

  describe the distribution of hereditary variations among contemporary populations and to sort out

  and measure the relative contributions made by heredity, environment, and culture to human

  biology.
• The term sociology was derived from the Latin word socius meaning "associate" and the Greek

  word logos, meaning “study of knowledge.”
• It was coined by August Comte who was regarded as the “Father of Sociology.”

  ·
• It is a science that studies human civilization.
• It is a systematic study of groups and societies that people build and how these affect their

  behavior.
• Sociology


  • Obtains possible theories and principles about society as well as various aspects of social life
  • Critically studies the nature of humanity, which also leads to examining our roles within the society
  • Appreciates that all things (in society) are interdependent with each other
  • Broadens our familiarity on sociological facts, which are acquired through empirical process
  • Exposes our minds to the different perspectives on attaining the truth
• Social Organization – This includes the study of social institutions, social inequality, social

  mobility, religious groups, and bureaucracy.
• Sociological viewpoint diminishes the theory that there is an absolute truth
• The determination whether an action/behavior is good or bad depends on one's social norms
• Social Psychology – This area focuses on the study of human nature and its emphasis on social

  processes as they affect individual or responses which are called “social stimuli”.
• Applied Sociology – This is concerned with the specific intent of yielding practical applications

  for human behavior and organizations. The goal of Applied Sociology is to assist in resolving

  social problems through the use of sociological research.
• Population Studies – This area includes size, growth, demographic characteristics, composition,

  migration, changes, and quality vis-à-vis economic, political, and social systems.
• Human Ecology – It pertains to the study of the effects of various social organizations (religious

  organizations, political institutions and etc.) to the population’s behavior.
• Sociological Theory and Research – It focuses on the discovery of theoretical tools, methods, and

  techniques to scientifically explain a particular sociological issue.
• Social Change – It studies factors that cause social organization and social disorganization like

  calamity, drug abuse, drastic and gradual social change, health and welfare problems, political

  instability, unemployment and underemployment, child and women’s issue, etc.
• POLITICAL SCIENCE

  · It is an academic discipline that deals with the study of government and political processes,

  institutions, and behaviors.

  · It is a study of the complex behavior of various political actors such as the government

  administration, opposition, and subjects.

  · It is the systematic study of political and government institutions and processes.
• The study of Politics has something to do with power – who wields it and how it is used. Therefore,

  it is important to study politics to understand society and to help change it for the better. This means

  that political science is not just for politicians or for aspiring lawyers instead, it is also a give and

  take relationship between the government (as a state apparatus) and its people (as a subject).
• politicsIt originated from the Greek word ‘polis’, which means ‘city’ or ‘state’.
• politics

  It is the art and science of governing city/state.
• politics

  It is the social process or strategy in any position of control which people gain, use, or lose

  power.
• Due to the negative connotations of politics, the term is now applied to many different social

  situations. For example, politics is present when a teacher is bribed to include a certain student in the

  honor list or when an employee spreads rumors against his/her officemate to get ahead in a

  promotion.
• Politics is often used synonymously with government, however, the two (2) are distinct from each

  another. The government that takes shape in a country is a reflection of the country’s political

  philosophy. While government typically refers to the established legislative and executive

  departments of a nation or state, politics is a broad term that is related to the power sharing in any

  organization. In other words, politics is an idea while government is the concrete realization of that

  idea.
• Government

  · It is the agency to which the will of the state is formulated, expressed, and carried out.

  · It is the organized agency in a state tasked to impose social control.

  · It is a group of people that governs a community or unit. It sets and administers public policy and

  exercises executive, political, and sovereign power through customs, institutions and laws within

  a state.
• The government exists for the benefit of the governed. It is there for our benefit not for the

  government officials to benefit from us.
• People often interchangeably use the terms state and nation but the difference lies on how the latter

  refers to an ethnic concept which means that people are bound together by common ethnical

  elements such as race, language, and culture.
• On the other hand, a state is more of a political concept.

  It refers to a community of persons more or less numerous permanently occupying a definite portion

  of territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience and enjoying freedom from external control.