SCIENCE WEEK 1-2

• Crust is the first layer of the earth.
• Mantle is the middle layer of earth and is the widest layer of the layer of the earth.
• Core is the central layer and divided onto two parts: the inner core and the outer core.
• Earthquake refers to the shaking of the earth's surface due the shifting of crustal plates and volcanic activity.
• Earthquake is caused when crustal plates move.
• Magnitude refers to the intensity, caused by an earthquake.
• Intensity refers to the extent damage caused by the earthquake.
• Ground shaking is the move of the earth surface faulting.
• Fault is a crack or displacement that reaches the earth's surface during an earthquake.
• Ground failure is a general reference to landslide, liquefication, lateral spreading, and any other consequences of shaking that affects the stability of the ground.
• Landslide is the sliding down of mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff.
• Tsunamis are a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake that comes from the ocean floor.
• Mudflows are a fluid or hardened stream or avalanche of mud.
• Avalanche is the rapid flow of snow down a slope, such as hill or a mountain. It can be set spontaneously, by such factors as increased precipitation or snowpack weakening, or by external which means such as human, animals, and earthquakes.
• Volcano is a mountain or hill that has a vent or a hole that extends from its summit onto the earth's interior.
• Volcanic eruption is the coming out of lava and gases from the vent of erupting volcano either quiet or violent.
• Lahar is a type of debris flow consisting of a slurry of pyroclastic material mixed with water.
• Weather short-term condition of the atmosphere
• Weather pattern a repeating weather condition over a period of time.
• Climate is an average weather pattern over a long period of time.
• ITCZ or Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone is where the northern and southern hemispheres meet.
• Rotation


  The movement of the earth on its axis
• Earth's rotation

  1. The sun appears to rise in the east, travel across the sky, and set in the west

  2. The earth is the one spinning on its axis from west to east
• The period of one complete rotation of the earth is 23 hours 56 minutes and 4.2 seconds
• Revolution


  The movement of the earth around the sun
• It takes the earth 365 and one quarter days to revolve around the sun
• Leap year


  A year with 366 days, where February 29 is added to compensate for the excess time in the earth's revolution
• The earth's orbit around the sun is a slightly flattened circle, called an ellipse
• Aphelion


  The earth's farthest point from the sun
• Perihelion


  The earth's nearest point from the sun
• The earth's axis remains fixed in space as it orbits the sun
• The earth's axis is tilted at 23 degrees
• Seasons in countries with four seasons

  1. Summer (June-August): Northern hemisphere faces the sun, southern hemisphere is away

  2. Autumn (September-November): Both hemispheres receive equal solar energy

  3. Winter (December-February): Northern hemisphere receives least solar energy, southern hemisphere receives most

  4. Spring (March-May): Both hemispheres receive equal solar energy
• The Philippines and other equatorial countries do not experience the four seasons, but instead have a wet and dry season
• Season

  The period of the year that is usually characterized by a particular kind of weather
• Seasons in the Philippines

  • Wet season
  • Dry season
• Wet season

  • Pronounced rainy season with thunderstorms
  • Starts in June, peaks in July to September, falls slowly towards the end of the year
  • Hot and humid weather
  • Heavy rains and typhoons
• Dry season

  • Hot and cloudless days
  • Between January and May
  • Occasional rain showers
  • Cold and dry air in January to February
  • Peak in April with less rain
• The Philippines has a warm and humid climate year-round
• The Philippines is considered to have one of the world's healthiest tropical climates