flashcards & answering structures

• what is the colour of potassium metal?


  colourless
• what is the colour of potassium in aqueous solution?

  colourless
• what is the colour of sodium in aqueous solution?

  colourless
• what is the colour of calcium in aqueous solution?

  colourless
• what is the colour of magnesium in aqueous solution?

  colourless
• what is the colour of aluminum in aqueous solution?

  colourless
• what is the colour of zinc in aqueous solution?

  colourless
• what is the colour of iron in aqueous solution?

  iron(ll) is pale green while iron (lll) is yellow
• what is the colour of copper in aqueous solution

  copper (ll) is blue
• what colour is sodium metal?

  grey
• what colour is calcium metal?

  grey
• what colour is magnesium metal?

  grey
• what colour is aluminum metal?

  grey
• what colour is zinc metal?

  grey
• what colour is iron metal?

  grey
• what colour is copper metal?

  reddish brown
• what colour is silver metal?

  grey
• what colour is gold metal?

  gold
• what happens when potassium reacts with water or steam?

  potassium reacts very violently with water, producing potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. enough heat is produced to cause hydrogen to catch fire and explode. lilac flame is seen
• what happens when potassium reacts with water or steam?

  sodium floats on water, reacts violently to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. hydrogen gas may catch fire and explode. yellow flame is seen
• what happens when calcium reacts with water or steam?

  calcium reacts readily to form calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. calcium sinks in water and produces lots of bubbles of hydrogen gas
• what happens when magnesium reacts with water?

  magnesium reacts very slowly with water to form magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. a small volume of hydrogen gas will be found after a few days
• what is the colour of magnesium oxide in solid state?

  white
• what happens when magnesium reacts with steam?

  hot magnesium reacts violently with steam to form magnesium oxide, a white solid, and hydrogen gas. a bright glow is produced in this reaction
• what is special about aluminum when reacting with acid/water/steam?

  aluminum has a protective layer of aluminum oxide hence this layer needs to be removed before any reaction can occur. acid will react to remove the oxide layer first before acid can react with aluminum.
• what happens when zinc reacts with steam?

  hot zinc reacts readily with steam to form zinc oxide and hydrogen gas
• what is the colour of zinc oxide?

  yellow when hot, white when cold
• what happens when lead reacts with water or steam?

  no reaction occurs
• what happens when copper/silver/gold reacts with water or steam?

  no reaction will occur under any conditions
• what happens when acid reacts with potassium/sodium?

  forms salt and hydrogen gas, reacts explosively
• what happens when acid reacts with calcium?

  forms salt and hydrogen gas, reacts violently
• what happens when acid reacts with magnesium?

  forms salt and hydrogen gas, reacts rapidly
• what happens when acid reacts with aluminum/zinc?

  forms salt and hydrogen gas, reacts moderately fast
• what happens when acid reacts with iron?

  forms salt and hydrogen gas, reacts slowly
• explain why from potassium to aluminum, the more reactive metals, are extracted by electrolysis

  carbon and hydrogen are unable to separate oxide ions from the metal ion as the electrostatic forces of attraction between the metal and oxide ions are too strong
• action of heat on potassium and sodium carbonate

  very stable to heat, strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the metal ion and carbonate ion hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome these forces. potassium and sodium carbonate will not decompose and no carbon dioxide will be produced
• action of heat on calcium and magnesium carbonate

  decompose to form the metal oxide and carbon dioxide
• why are more reactive metals extracted by electrolysis

  carbon cannot remove the negative ions from the ionic compound as the electrostatic forces of attraction between the metal and non metal ions are too strong
• what colour is copper(ll) oxide?

  black
• what colour is copper(ll) carbonate?

  green