B1 questions

• What are the two types of eukaryotic cell 


  Animal and plant
• What type of cell are bacteria?

  prokaryotic cell
• Where is DNA found in animal and plant cell?

  Nucules
• What is the function of the cell membrane?


  Control movement of substances into and out of the cell
• What is the function of mitochondria?

  Energy production and where aerobic respiration takes place
• What is the function of chloroplast?

  Contains chlorophyll to absorb light to make food by photosynthesis
• What is the function of ribosomes?


  Protein synthesis
• What is the function of a cell wall?

  Made of cellulose which strengths the cell
• What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?

  A single loop of DNA
• How are electron microscope different to light microscope?


  High resolution High magnification Expensive Beam of electron instead of light Non living samples
• What is the function of red blood cell?

  carries oxygen around the body
• Give three adaptation of a red blood cell?

  No nucules,Contains the red pigment called hemoglobulin and has a bi-concave disc shape
• What is the function of a nerves cell?


  Carries electrical impulses around the body
• Give two adaptation of nerves cell?

  The branches called dendrites to make a connection with the neurones and effector. The myelin sheath insulates the axon to increases the transmission speed of the electrical impulses
• What is the function of a sperm cell?

  The function of a sperm cell is to fertilize an egg cell during sexual reproduction.
• Give two adaptation of a sperm cell?

  Has a tail to swim and contains lots of mitochondria to provide energy for the journey
• What is the function of a palisade cell?

  Photosynthesis
• Give two adaptation of a palisade cell?

  is located at the top of the leaf and has a lot of chloroplast
• What is the function of a root hair cell?

  Absorb minerals and water from the soil
• Give two adaptation of a root hair cell?

  Long projection so can absorb more and lots of mitochondria for active transport for minerals
• Red blood cell


  • No nucleus
  • No cell wall
  • Biconcave disc shape
  • Contains haemoglobin
  • No chlorophyll
  • No chloroplasts
  • No (permanent) vacuole
  • Smaller than plant cells
• Plant cell


  • Has nucleus
  • Has cell wall
  • Many different shapes
  • No haemoglobin
  • May contain chlorophyll
  • Contains chloroplasts
  • Has (permanent) vacuole
  • Larger than red blood cells
• Food test for protein, lipids and carbohydrates?


  Amylase is produced in the salivary gland and the pancreases ,a carbohydrase that breaks down starch into sugar(maltose)

  Protease is produced in the stomach,pancreas and small intestine,breaks down protein into amino acids. Lipase is produced in the pancreas and the small intestine,breaks down lipids into fatty acid and glycerol.
• Why did the potatoes sugar solution increased in mass?

  Because it gained water by osmosis
• Where are most of the food molecules absorbed in?


  The small intestine
• what is the use of the sugar in the body?

  Respiration or to make amnio acid or protein
• Changes in the body during vigorous exercise

  1. Increased breathing rate

  2. Increased breath volume

  3. Take in more oxygen for aerobic respiration

  4. Exhale more carbon dioxide

  5. Increased heart rate

  6. Increased blood flow to muscles

  7. Transport oxygen/glucose to respiring cells faster

  8. Increase rate of carbon dioxide removal

  9. Glycogen converted to glucose

  10. Insufficient oxygen supplied during prolonged vigorous exercise

  11. Lactic acid is formed during anaerobic respiration

  12. Oxygen debt is created

  13. Muscles become fatigued/tired or stop contracting efficiently

  14. Sweating or increased body temperature or vasodilation
• Changes in the body after vigorous exercise

  1. Heart rate remains high or slowly decreases

  2. Breathing rate continues or slowly decreases

  3. Pay back oxygen debt

  4. Oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen needed to break down lactic acid

  5. Provide more oxygen to react with the lactic acid and remove it from cells

  6. Lactic acid transported to liver

  7. Lactic acid is converted back into glucose
• Oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen needed to break down lactic acid
• Lactic acid causes muscles to become fatigued/tired or stop contracting efficiently
• Where is dna found in a bacterial cell?


  in the cytoplasm
• what are the structures of a bacterial cell?

  It has cell membrane,cytoplasm,flagellum,cell wall,ribosome,plasmid
• Flagellum?


  for moving or swimming
• Plasmid?


  small loops of dna with useful genes
• bacterial cell wall?


  for structure and protein
• prokaryotic cell don not have a nucleus.thier dna is just found in the cytoplasm
• root hair cell has?

  cell wall,mitochondria,vacuole,cytoplasm
• phloem transports sugar and amino acid
• xylem transports water
• sperm cell structure? 


  cytoplasm,mitochondria,flagellum,nucleus,cell membrane