states of matter

• The three states of matter are solids, liquids and gases
• A substance can usually exist in all three states, dependent on temperature (and pressure)
• State changes


  • Melting (solid → liquid) when heating up
  • Freezing (liquid → solid) when cooling down
  • Boiling (liquid → gas) when heating up
  • Condensing (gas → liquid) when cooling down
• The three states of matter can be represented by a simple model
• Melting


  When a solid changes into a liquid
• Boiling


  When a liquid changes into a gas
• Freezing


  When a liquid changes into a solid
• Evaporation


  When a liquid changes into a gas
• Condensation


  When a gas changes into a liquid, usually on cooling
• Sublimation


  When a solid changes directly into a gas
• Solids, liquids and gases have different physical properties. The difference in these properties comes from differences in how the particles are arranged in each state.
• Solubility is a measurement of how much of a substance will dissolve in a given volume of a liquid
• The solubility of a gas depends on pressure and temperature
• As temperature increases, solids usually become more soluble
• As pressure increases, gases become more soluble
• As temperature increases, gases become less soluble
• Solubility graphs or curves represent solubility in g per 100 g of water plotted against temperature
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