computer studies

• A computer is progammable electronic device that inputs, processes ,stores it and produces an output
• software refers to a set of instructions that tell the computer what to do
• 1. hardware refers to the physical components of a computer that can be seen and touched
• central processing unit (CPU)- it also known to be the brain of the computer
• The difference between data and information is that data is a collection of facts, while information is a collection of facts and meaning.
• The main parts of the computer: Input, Processing, storage, output
• Input devices are used to input data into a computer system, such as a keyboard or mouse.
• Output devices used to produce data in a systematic way, such as a printer or a computer screen.
• micr: Magnetic ink character recognition.
• OCR: Optical Character Recognition - a method of converting printed text into digital text
• OMR stands for Optical Mark Recognition, which is a technology which uses a special scanner that needs marks printed in a specific way
• Types of storage media fixedhard disk drive ,external hard disk drive ,flash-drive\USB memory stick, Zip drive
• The processor is the brain of the computer, it is responsible for carrying out instructions and managing the flow of data.
• The control unit, controls all the functions of the computer
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is the part of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations.
• The random access memory (RAM) is the temporary storage of the computer.when power is turned off, everything the of RAM are lost.
• functions of the RAM: temporarily stores data and instructions currently being used by the CPU
• The read only memory (ROM) is a permanent memory that stores the basic instructions and data that the computer needs to run.
• BIOS stands for basic input \output systems. It is a set of instructions that control the basic operations of the computer
• how the CU,ALU and RAM work together to process data: CU fetches data from RAM and ALU performs arithmetic operations on the data
• Types of software: Operating system Software application Software utility Software development tool
• System software is the software that runs the computer and controls the hardware.
• examples of system software: operating system ,language processor ,utility software,user interface
• operating system software that manages the computer hardware and provides the user interface for the computer
• examples of operating system software: Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Android,
• utility software is helps to analyze ,configure, and maintain the computer system.
• A user interface is the way in which a computer is used to interact with a user.
• application software is software that is designed to perform a specific task, such as word processing, spreadsheet, database, and presentation software.
• word processor - software that allows you to create, edit, and format text documents.
• spread sheet is a program that is used to perform calculations and analyze
• presentation software is a progam that allows users to create and present presentations
• Date base software is used to store and retrieve data in a database.
• graphic software is a program used for desiging and creating graphics and images.
• C.A.D program is a computer technology used in architecture and engineering to create 3D models of buildings and other structures
• computer security is the protection of the computers hardware and software from unauthorized access
• reasons for computer security: protecting data from hackers,virus, hardware failure,software failure,data costs a lot of money
• types of computer threats: viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, spam, hacking, phishing, denial of service attacks
• system threats are threats to the system as a whole, such as a virus or worm
• use of passwords: passwords are used to protect the confidentiality of information stored on a computer
• A password is a combination of characters that prevent the user from accessing the computer.