Science

• Science


  A systematic study that is concerned with facts and principles, and methods that could be observed in our natural or physical and social environment. It comes from the Latin word 'scire' that means 'to know'.
• Science

  • It is both a body of knowledge and a process – a way of thinking, a way of solving problems
• The Branches of Science

  • The Physical Sciences
  • The Earth Sciences
  • The Life Sciences (Biology)
• Physics


  The study of matter and energy and the interactions between them
• Chemistry


  The science that deals with the composition, properties, reactions, and the structure of matter
• Astronomy


  The study of the universe beyond the Earth's atmosphere
• Geology


  The science of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth.
• Oceanography


  The exploration and study of the ocean
• Paleontology


  The science of the forms of life that existed in prehistoric or geologic periods
• Meteorology


  The science that deals with the atmosphere and its phenomena, such as weather and climate
• Botany


  The study of plants
• Zoology


  The science that covers animals and animal life
• Genetics


  The study of heredity
• Medicine


  The science of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness, disease, and injury
• Scientific Method


  The logical method used by scientists to acquire knowledge that is used to explain different phenomena in nature
• Scientific Method


  1. Identify and clearly state the problem

  2. Gather information pertinent to the problem

  3. Formulate hypothesis

  4. Test the hypothesis

  5. Draw a generalization or conclusion

  6. Apply the principle (conclusion) to other situations
• Phenomenon


  A thing observed by the senses
• Fact


  A scientifically tested observation
• Manipulating one of the conditions or factors that may affect the result of experiment

  Controlled experiment
• Controlled experiment components

  • Trials - number of times experiment is repeated
  • Controls - factors that are kept constant throughout the experiment
  • Variables - factors that change during the experiment
• Types of variables

  • Independent or experimental - factors that are changed
  • Dependent - factors that change as a result of changes in the independent variable
• Presentation of Data

  • Tables - easy to read, organized presentations
  • Graphs - readily show patterns of data
• Types of graphs


  • Line - proper to use when comparing two continuously changing variables
  • Bar - appropriate to use when comparing a changing value with an unchanging value
• Conclusion


  A statement about the result of the experiment
• Law


  A statement which describes what happens but does not explain the cause of the occurrence
• Theory


  Hypothesis that can be explained from observations
• Scientific Traits


  • Curiosity
  • Logic and system
  • Open-mindedness
  • Intellectually honest
  • Hardwork and perseverance
  • Not opinionated
  • Creativity and critical thinking
• Technology


  The application of scientific knowledge to practical purposes. It is an applied science.
• Types of Technology


  • Machines - tools, gadgets or devices that help us do our activities faster and better
  • Products - materials produced or made through artificial or natural means
  • Processes - ways of doing things
• Measurement


  The process of comparing a quantity with a chosen standard
• International System (SI) of Measurement

  • Length - Meters (m)
  • Mass - Kilograms (kg)
  • Time - Seconds (s)
  • Electric current - Amperes (amp)
  • Temperature - Kelvin (K)
  • Amount of substance - Moles
  • Luminous intensity / light - Candelas