Cell organisation

• Cell Organisation


  Some organisms contain loads of cells, but how, you might wonder, do all these cells mean you end up with a working human... the answer's organisation.
• Large Multicellular Organisms


  • Made Up of Organ Systems
• Cells are the basic building blocks that make up all living organisms.
• Specialised cells carry out a particular function.
• Differentiation


  The process by which cells become specialised for a particular job
• Differentiation


  1. unspecialised cell

  2. specialised cell
• Differentiation occurs during the development of a multicellular organism.
• Specialised cells form tissues, which form organs, which form organ systems.
• Large multicellular organisms (e.g. humans) have different systems inside them for exchanging and transporting materials.
• Tissue


  A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function
• Tissues can include more than one type of cell.
• Tissues in mammals (like humans)

  • Muscular tissue
  • Glandular tissue
  • Epithelial tissue
• Organ


  A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function
• Tissues in the stomach

  • Muscular tissue
  • Glandular tissue
  • Epithelial tissue
• Organ system


  A group of organs working together to perform a particular function
• Organs in the digestive system

  • Glands (e.g. pancreas and salivary glands)
  • Stomach and small intestine
  • Liver
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
• Organ systems work together to make entire organisms.
• Enzymes are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed or permanently altered.
• Active site


  The part of an enzyme that the substrate binds to
• Enzymes are really picky - they only catalyse reactions where the substrate fits into the active site.
• The lock and key model shows how the substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme.
• Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems are organised hierarchically.