2.1 Component and function Animal c. + Plant c.

• Mitochondrion (P: Mitochondria)

  • Generates energy through oxidation glucose process during cellular respiration.

  
• Centriole

  • Forms spindle fibre during cell division.

  
• Plasma membrane (Partially permeable)

  • Controls the movement of certain substances into and out of the cell.
  • Allows exchange of nutrients, respiratory gases and waste materials between the cell and their environment.
  • Separates the content of the cell from their external environment.

  
• Golgi apparatus

  • Processes, modifies, packs and transport chemicals such as proteins, carbohydrates and glyceprotein.

  
• Lysosome (contains lysozyme)

  • Hydrolyses complex organic molecules such lipid, protein and nucleic acid.
  • Breaks down bacteria and component of damaged cell.

  
• Ribosomes

  • A site for protein synthesis.

  A) ribosomes

  
• Nucleus (P: Nuclei)

  • Controls all cell activities

  
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum

  • Transport protein synthesis by ribosomes.

  
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

  • Synthesis and transport glycerol and lipids.
  • Carries out detoxification of drugs and metabolic by-products.

  
• Vacuole

  • A storage for water, sugars, and mineral salts.
  • Water is absorbed into the vacuole and the plant cell becomes turgid.

  
• Chloroplast

  • Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and convert it into chemical energy during photosynthesis.

  
• Cytoplasm

  • Acts as medium for biomedical reaction in cell

  
• Cell wall

  • Maintains the shape
  • Provides mechanical support