digestive system

• Digestive System

  • The digestive system is a network of organs that helps to digest and absorb nutrition from food. It includes the gastrointestinal tract and the biliary system.
• Digestion

  the breakdown of organic compounds into their simple forms for use by the cells. It can be mechanically or chemically.
• Mechanical Digestion

  the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces.
• Chemical Digestion

  the enzymatic breakdown of the chemical bonds in larger and more complex molecules into simpler ones
• Alimentary Canal

  A continuous muscular tube around 9 meters in length that starts in the mouth and eneds at the anus.

  Division of the Digestive System
• Accessory Organs

  a network of three organs that deliver bile and enzymes through to your GI tract your bile ducts.
• Mouth

  This is where digestion begins

  • Teeth - are pairs of hard bony structures located on the the upper and lower jaw.
  • Tongue - a muscular organ in the mouth that serves as a taste or gustatory organ.
  • Salivary glands - secrete slightly alkaline aqueous fluid called saliva.
• Esophagus

  a 10 inch-long, smooth muscular tube that channels food into the stomach

  Peristalsis - the process of rhythmically contraction of the muscles of the esophagus to push the bolus downward
• Stomach

  a hollow smooth muscular organ that is located just below the diaphragm

  Gastric juice - a mixture of water, gastric acid (hydrocholric acid), pepsin, and mucus.
• Small Intestine

  The major site of digestion and absorption of food in your digestive system.

  Duodenum - where calcium and iron ions are absorbed

  Jejunum - where sugarss, amino acids, and fats are absorbed

  Ileum - where vitamin B12 are and bile salts are absorbed.
• Pancreas

  It is considered the conglomerate gland because it is made up of different clusters of cells that perform either a digestive or hormonal function

  Acrinar cells - of the pancreas release bicarbonate ions and digestive enzymes into small intestines.
• Liver

  the largest internal organ of the body. The main digestive function of the liver is the production and release of bile salts that emulsify fats into tiny droplets so they can be easily digeted by the enzymes lipases and phosholipapses. .
• Gall Bladder

  Storage of bile salts.
• Large Intestine

  also called as the colon. It begins at the lower right side of the waist and is joined by the small instestine via caecum.

  Appendix - functions in the gut-associated immune system and found to harbor beneficial microorganisms
• Rectum

  The rectum's job is to receive stool from the colon and let you know that there is stool to be evacuated and to hold the stool until evacuation happens.
• Anus

  The anus is the last part of the digestive tract. It is a 2-inch long canal consisting of the pelvic floor muscles and the two anal sphincters (internal and external)
• Ingestion

  the first process that happens in digestive system
• Mechanical rupture

  chewing or mastication
• Propulsion

  Peristalsis
• Chemical digestion

  with the help of enzymes
• Absorption

  Absorbed in blood
• Elimination

  removal of indigestible waste.
• 1. Ingestion

  I the first process that happens in digestive system. It is the journey of taking in food or any substance into the body through the mouth.
• B. Digestion

  the process that involves break down of large food molecules into smaller molecules for easy absorption of the cells.
• C. Absorption

  the process of passing the soluble food molecules in the wall of the small intestine through the villi – the tiny, finger-like projections from the epithelial lining of the intestinal wall
• D. Assimilation

  the movement of digested food nutrients into the blood vessels of the small intestine through diffusion and use of nutrients into the body cells through the microvilli – microscopic cellular membrane projections
• E. Egestion

  It is the release of undigested food collected in the rectum called feces and pushed out of the body through the anus by defecation.
• Dental Carries or Tooth Decay

  • A sharp throbbing pain around the tooth. It is caused by bacterial infected.
  • It can be prevented by frequent brushing of the teeth and visiting the dentist every six months.
• Constipation

  • This occurs when food residues move too slowly on the large intestine, excessive water absorption may occur.
  • It is characterized by painful bowel movement as the feces become hard and dry.
  • Traetment includes changes in dietary habit and taking prescribed laxatives.
• Diarrhea

  • one of the most common diseases of the digestive system.
  • It is characterized by the frequent elimination of loose, watery feces which is a symptom of many disorders that occur when the large intestine is irritated, infected, or inflamed.
  • Treatment is dependent on the causative agent.
• Dyspepsia

  • Also known as indigestion.
  • This is a pain in the upper abdomen when too much food is taken.
  • There is bloatedness, nausea, and heartburn .
• Gingitivis

  • inflamation of the gums around the teeth caused by bacteria.
  • Characterized by red, swollen gums that bleed easily when teeth are brushed or flossed, sometimes accompanied by bad breath.
  • Can be prevented by observing proper oral hygiene and proper nutrition.
• Peptic Ulcer

  • This refers to a shallow sore that results from the destruction of the mucous lining that covers the alimentary canal by gastric acid.
  • Common symptoms include the burning abdominal pain around the chest and navel area.
  • Treatment is according to the causative factor as determined by the doctor.
• Appendicitis

  • the inflammation of appendix that typically manifested with sudden pain around the navel that then shifts to the lower right abdomen.
• Heartburn

  • an uncomfortable burning feeling in your chest that can move up your neck and throat.
  • It happens when acidic digestive juices from your stomach go back up your esophagus.
• Hepatitis

  • the inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis virus types A, B, C, or E.
  • The symptoms of hepatitis include fatigues, nausea, poor appetite, fever,a nd yellow coloration of the skin and eyes called jaundice.
  • Vaccines are available for the prevention of hepatitis A and B.
• Hemorrhoids

  • are swollen, enlarged veins that form inside and outside of your anus and rectum. They can be painful, uncomfortable and cause rectal bleeding.
• Stomach Flu

  • an infection of the stomach and upper part of the small intestine usually caused by a virus.
  • It usually lasts less than a week.
• GERD

  • GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease, or chronic acid reflux) is a condition in which acid-containing contents in your stomach frequently leak back up into your esophagus.
• Lactose Intolerance

  • People with lactose intolerance are unable to digest lactose, the sugar primarily found in milk and dairy products.