Titrations

• The pH of a neutral solution is 7.
• Acids have a pH of 1-6. Bases/alkalis have a pH of 7-14.
• Acids produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
• Alkalis produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.
• The pH scale measures how concentrated a substance is with hydrogen ions.
• Titration is a technique that measures the volumes of acid and alkali solutions that are needed in a neutralisation reaction.
• Phenolphthalein is an indicator used during titrations. It turns pink when the substance is an alkali and colourless in an acid.
• Methyl orange is an indicator used during titrations. It turns yellow when the substance is an alkali and red in an acid.
• Concordant results are in 0.1cm3 of each other.
• The equipment needed for a titration:

  1. Graduated pipette
  2. Burette
  3. Conical flask
  4. Clamp stand
  5. Burette holder/ clamp
  6. pH probe
  7. Funnel
  8. Pipette filler