geography paper 1 case studies

• USA TROPICAL CYCLONE

  Hurricane Katrina 2005
• USA - FORECASTING

  20 satellites and computers to predict
• USA - WARNING SYSTEMS

  pre - planned public awareness campaigns
• USA - STORM SURGE DEFENCES

  expensive levees
• Mount N primary effects

  12500 homes destroyed

  200 thought to be killed

  lava covered 15% of goma city

  120000 people homeless

  400000 evacuated

  60% of city destroyed
• Mount n secondary

  cholera spread

  homelessness and overcrowding

  looting in the city of goma

  volcanic gusts created acid rain
• mount n prediticion

  satellites

  observatory for volcano in goma

  samples of gas below city

  lava lake monitored
• mount n preparation

  UN sent someone to monitor

  evacuation routes

  leaflets
• mount n planning

  retraining of officials

  retraining of officers
• mount n short term aid

  UN sent 200 tonnes of food

  UK Oxfam 33 tonnes of water

  MSF - 28000 Measle vaccines
• Mount e primary

  evacuation

  100000 flights cancelled
• mount e secondary

  bridges and roads destroyed

  houses burnt in lava

  collapsed buildings
• mount e prediction

  eruption not to be as violent

  volcanic specialists to monitor it
• mount e planning

  rebuilding roads
• katrina - preparation

  hurricane pam to stimulate what they would do.

  13-18 feet floodwalls.

  super dome
• katrina responses


  6pm curfew.

  police 1600 sent out.

  1000000 people moved out
• hurricane haiyan year


  2014 - Philippines
• haiyan preparation

  military base to track storm.

  computers modelled parts of storm.

  news warnings
• haiyan responses

  4,000,000 homeless.

  sheltering in church.

  floating mattresses to rescue old people.
• inequalities - developing world - kampala, uganda- economic change

  Economic change

  • population 1.8 mil
  • mostly formal employment
  • most workers are women and young people
  • TNC's have invested
• inequalities - developing world - Kampala, Uganda - migration


  migration

  • rural to urban migration as more opportunities
  • push factors in rural areas
• inequalities - emerging world - Mumbai, India- economic change

  Economic change

  • TNC's invested so more jobs
  • connected to a lot of countries
  • a lot of pull factors
  • India's biggest container port
• inequalities - emerging world - Mumbai, India- migration


  Migration

  • 1000 per day looking for jobs
  • rural to urban migration due to push factors
• inequalities - developed world - New York, Usa - economic change

  Economic change

  • financial companies provided 10% of NY employment in 2014
  • Informal economy earns 7% of US gdp per year
  • lots of jobs
  • megacity
• inequalities - developed world - New York, Usa - migration

  Migration

  • a lot of pull factors for New York as a lot of opportunities
• Location of Mumbai

  location

  • site - on an island by the river of Ulhas just above sea level
  • situation - lies 19 degree North of equator so is tropical, has India's second biggest container port
  • connectivity - large container ships enter, close to Europe for trades
• Structure of Mumbai - CBD

  CBD

  • Oldest part of city on south tip of Peninsula
  • port area active
  • old textile mills been redeveloped
  • expensive housing - commercial
• Structure of Mumbai - Inner city

  Inner city

  • oldest area of housing
  • Built to house workers in old textile mills
  • home to slum settlements - Dharavi
• Structure of Mumbai - Suburbs

  Suburbs

  • newer than inner city
  • developed suburbs along railway
  • industries relocated to new Mumbai
• Structure of Mumbai - Urban-rural fringe

  urban-rural fringe

  • hard to identity urban-rural fringe
  • merges with other towns
• Mumbai opportunities - Access to resources

  small shops in walking distance

  little crime

  300 bakeries

  80% of plastic is recycled
• Mumbai opportunities - Employment

  a lot of street selling and informal employment

  15000 one room factories

  employment for recycling
• Mumbai challenges - housing shortages


  1 million people per square mile

  people cant afford houses so they make slums

  21 people in small houses
• TOP DOWN MUMBAI - Slum demolishing


  top down

  • Vision Mumbai - government demolish slums and provide cheaper houses, improves water, economic growth, by 2007 200,000 people moved and 45000 homes destroyed
• TOP DOWN MUMBAI - Garbage site


  Gorai garbage

  waste reshaped into a gentle hill and planted with grass to create clean area
• TOP DOWN MUMBAI - Mumbai monorail


  runs for 14 hours a day

  40 metres long

  roads have became overcrowded

  too expensive
• Bottom up Mumbai - Health

  LSS - tried to get rid of leprosy, employs volunteers, 75% people cured, project in one community
• Bottom up - Education

  Hamara - provides children with education, 327 children helped, some go back to streets, cant support every child
• Bottom down - housing

  agora microfinance - specialises in microfinance for mumbai slum residents, gives loans to slums
• economic trends in india

  gpd - 7th largest gdp in world

  key imports - oil, gold, silver

  key exports - gems, jewellery