AnaChem

• Outline


  • What is Analytical Chemistry?
  • Division of Analytical Chemistry
  • Importance of Analytical Chemistry
  • Classification of Methods of Analysis
  • Classification of Analyses
  • Classification of Analytes
  • Methods of Analytical Reactions
  • Steps in Typical Quantitative Analysis
• Analytical Chemistry


  Science of the methods to study the material composition
• Analytical Chemistry


  Branch of chemistry that deals with the operation and analysis of a chemical substances
• Base on the extent of analysis

  • Macro
  • Semi-micro
  • Micro
  • Ultra-micro
• BASED ON THE SIZE OF THE SAMPLE

  • ANALYSIS
  • MASS OF SAMPLE
  • VOLUME OF SAMPLE
• CLASSIFICATION OF ANALYTES


  • Major Constituent
  • Minor Constituent
  • Trace Constituent
  • Ultra-trace Constituent
• Methods of analytical reactions

  • DRY METHOD
  • WET METHOD
• DRY METHOD


  The sample tested and the analytical reagent are taken in the solid state and subjected to heating at high temperature
• WET METHOD


  Usually performed in qualitative analysis (precipitation, titration, and colorimetric methods). They are accompanied by an external effect: changing of the solution coloration, forming or dissolving the precipitation, evolution of gas
• Dry Method: Flame test


  Introducing a sample of the element or compound to hot, non-luminous flame, and observing the color that appears in result
• Dry Method: Bead Test


  Sodium tetraborate Na2B4O7 ∙10H20 when heating combines readily with a number of colored transition 5 metal oxides, such as Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, Mn, etc., to form the corresponding metaborates (a glassy mass) possessing characteristic colors
• Dry Method: Charcoal Cavity Test

  Cations is converted into the metal carbonate in a charcoal cavity which decomposes on heating to metal oxide or even to the metallic state. The cation present can be detected from the color of the bead or residue left in the cavity or deposit formed outside the cavity called incrustation
• Steps in a typical quantitative analysis


  1. Selecting a method of analysis

  2. Sampling

  3. Conversion of the analyte into a form suitable for measurement

  4. Measurement of the property of the analyte

  5. Calculation and interpretation of data
• Classification of methods of analyis

  1. Gravimetric Method of Analysis 2. Volumetric Method of Analysis 3. Instrumental method
• Classification of Analyses

  1. Complete 2. Ultimate Analysis 3. Proximate Analysis