chap 6

• 10.000 BC Source of Energy: Fire
• Renewable energy


  Energy derived from natural processes that are recreated at a faster rate than they are consumed. Unlike fossil fuels, which take millions of years to form and emit gases when burned, renewable energy sources virtually never end and have a much lower environmental impact.
• Benefits of Renewable Energy

  • Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions
  • Improved public health by reducing pollution
  • Diversification of energy supplies, which enhances energy security
  • Recently, available to provide energy at a lower price
  • Provides economic benefits by creating jobs in the installation, maintenance, and operation of renewable energy facilities
• Types of Renewable Energy

  • Solar Energy
  • Wind Energy
  • Hydroelectric Energy
  • Geothermal Energy
  • Biomass Energy
• Solar Energy


  A form of renewable energy sourced directly from the sun's radiation. It offers clean, no gas emissions, infinite source of power, and plays a crucial role in driving a sustainable energy future.
• How solar energy works

  Solar energy works by capturing the sun's energy and turning it into electricity for residential, commercial, or industrial use. The process primarily involves photovoltaic (PV) cells or solar panels. These cells are made of semiconductor materials (like silicon) that absorb sunlight. When the sun's photons hit these cells and generate a flow of electricity which is called (the photovoltaic effect).
• Applications of Solar Energy

  • Residential and Commercial Power Generation
  • Heating
  • Agriculture
  • Transportation
  • Remote and Portable Power Supply
• Wind Energy


  A form of renewable energy that converts the Kinetic (movement) from wind into mechanical power or electricity. It's one of the cleanest and most sustainable ways to generate electricity, as it doesn't produce any greenhouse gas emissions during operation.
• How Wind Energy Works

  1. Wind Turbine Structure: A typical wind turbine consists of two or three blades attached to the main shaft, which spins a generator to create electricity.

  2. Kinetic Energy Conversion: This movement turns the rotor, which spins the main shaft. The shaft is connected to a generator inside which converts the mechanical movement of the spinning shaft into electrical energy.

  3. Electricity Generation: Transmitted through cables down the turbine tower, which then increases the voltage of the electricity so it can be efficiently transported over long distances through the power grid.

  4. Wind Farms: Individual wind turbines can be grouped in wind farms (either onshore or offshore) to produce large amounts of electricity.
• How a wind farm works?
• Hydroelectric Energy


  Hydroelectric energy is generated by the movement of flowing water. The process typically involves a dam built across a river to create a reservoir or storage lake.
• How Hydroelectric Energy it Works

  1. Water Flow

  2. Turbine Movement

  3. Electricity Generation

  4. Transmission
• Geothermal Energy


  Geothermal energy harnesses heat from the Earth's interior. The Earth's core is very hot, and this heat naturally flows outward, heating the surrounding rock and water. In some areas, this heat is close enough to the surface to be harnessed for energy.
• How does Geothermal Energy work?

  1. Heat Extraction

  2. Steam Production

  3. Electricity Generation

  4. Reinjection
• Biomass Energy


  Biomass energy is a form of renewable energy derived from organic materials, such as plant and animal waste. Used to produce electricity, heat, and fuels. It is one of the oldest sources of energy used by humans, historically in the form of firewood for heating and cooking.
• How Biomass Energy it Works


  1. Combustion

  2. Gasification

  3. Stemming

  4. Turbine

  5. Generator

  6. Transmission
• Next Week Team Project Presentation
• Quiz Time
• Thank You! Q&A