Spontaneity of a Process based on Entropy

• Spontaneous Process


  Something that happens or occur without any external cause.
• Non-Spontaneous Process


  Cannot proceed unless there is a driving force or outside help that acts on a system.
• If change in enthalpy is less than 0 is it spontaneous or non-spontaneous?

  Spontaneous
• If change in enthalpy is more than 0 is it spontaneous or non-spontaneous?

  Non-Spontaneous
• If change in entropy is less than 0 is it spontaneous or non-spontaneous?

  Non-Spontaneous
• If change in enthalpy is more than 0 is it spontaneous or non-spontaneous?

  Non-Spontaneous
• Which side if favored in a spontaneous process?

  Product
• Which side is favored in a non-spontaneous process?

  Reactant
• What is the driving force for a spontaneous process?

  An increase in the entropy
• What is the symbol for entropy?

  S
• The measure of randomness or disorder

  Entropy
• Determine whether positive entropy or negative entropy:

  1. The final state is more random or disordered than the initial state.

  Positive Entropy S>0
• Determine whether positive entropy or negative entropy:

  1. The final state is less random or disordered than the initial state.

  Negative Entropy S<0
• What are the three factors affecting entropy?

  (1) Change in Phase (2) Change in Temperature (3) Number of Particles
• Which is more disordered: Solid or Gas

  Gas
• Which is more disordered: Solid or Liquid

  Liquid
• Which is more disordered: Liquid or Gas

  Gas
• Which state of matter is more disordered?

  Gas
• Which state of matter is the least disordered?

  Solid
• What will happen to entropy if temperature increases?

  Increases
• What will happen to entropy if temperature decreases?

  Decreases
• What will happen entropy if they are more particles?

  Increases
• Unit:

  1. Heat transferred to the system

  +q
• Unit:

  • Heat transferred by the system

  -q
• Unit:

  • Heat

  Joules
• Unit:

  • Temperature

  Kelvin
• Formula for Entropy

  Change in Entropy = Heat divided by Temperature