GENERAL CHEMISTRY GRADE 11

• study of matter , the properties that matter undergoes, and the changes energy associated with these changes

  Chemistry
• the types and amounts that make up a of simpler substances sample of matter

  composition
• the that characteristics give each substance a unique identity

  Properties
• chemical reactions involved in matter


  changes
• describe how much potential a physical system has to chang


  energy
• Anything that occupies space and has mass


  matter
• Matter Can be classified by:

  ■ ATOMIC COMPOSITION

  ■ PROPERTIES (Chemical and Physical)
• refers to describe the quality of matter it possesses

  Physical Properties
• Physical Properties Can be :

  INTENSIVE

  EXTENSIVE
• depends on amount

  EXTENSIVE
• depends on type of matter (Ex. Hardness)


  intensive
• STATE (solid, liquid, gas)
• COLOUR (different for some materials; it varies)
• LUSTRE (metallic shine)
• CONDUCTIVITY (ability to transmit

  electricity)
• MALLEABILITY (ductile; bendable)
• • Properties a substance shows as it interacts with, or transforms into other substances
  • Uses chemical changeto describe the matter - Describes how a substance interacts with other chemicals causing a change in composition

  CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
• 1. CORROSION AND DECOMPOSITION (breaking down chemicals)
  2. 2. COMBUSTION (ability to burn) |
  3. 3. pH (acidic or basic)
  4. 4. REACTIVITY (with water and acids)

  Chemical properties
• Takes place without a change in composition Examples: changes of state, like freezing, melting, or evaporation of a substance

  Physical Change
• Always accompanied by a change in composition - Most color changes Examples: burning of paper and the fizzing of a mixture of vinegar and baking soda

  Chemical Change
• has a , and fixed volume shapethat does not conform to the container; may be hard or soft, rigid or flexible


  solid
• has a that varying shape conforms to the shape of the containerbut fills the container only to the extent of the liquid's volume. Liquid forms a surface

  Liquid
• conforms to the container shapealso, but it fills the entire container; it does not forms a surface


  gas
• Matter can be classified into two categories: pure substance and mixture
• Can be further broken down into elements and compounds 


  pure substances
• ELEMENT - The simplest type of matter with unique physical and chemical properties. Consists of only one type of atom Cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by physical or chemical means There are 94 existing element in nature and
• MOLECULE - A structure that consists of two or more atoms that are chemically bound together and thus behaves as an independent unit Ex. Oxygen (O2) [Diatomic molecules]
• Oxygen (O2) [Diatomic molecules


  example of a molecules
• A substance composed of two or more elements which are chemically combined


  compound
• Like water, if electric current is applied it split into Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas metals because they high

   Elements are boiling and melting point, hard, ductile, malleable, high density such as Sodium

   Elements are non-metals because they have low boiling and melting point, brittle, dull, and low density such as Chlorine

   Elements are metalloids because they possess same properties of metals and non metals
• Chemistry


  The study of matter, its properties, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy associated with these changes
• Four aspects in studying matter


  • Composition
  • Properties
  • Changes
  • Energy
• Matter

  Anything that occupies space and has mass
• Ways to distinguish matter

  • Atomic composition
  • Properties (Chemical and Physical)

  
• Physical properties

  • State (solid, liquid, gas)
  • Colour
  • Lustre
  • Conductivity
  • Malleability
• Chemical properties

  • Corrosion and decomposition
  • Combustion
  • pH
  • Reactivity
• Physical change

  Takes place without a change in composition
• Chemical change

  Always accompanied by a change in composition
• States of matter

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• Pure substance


  Can be further broken down into elements and compounds