INTERNAL

• The culture of masculinity puts boys off working hard at school, quietness, obedience, and taking advice form teachers make boys look un-masculine
• National Curriculum 1988

  everyone had to study core subjects, previously girls were encouraged into female type subjects
• Teachers are more likely to help girls with their exam work as they have higher expectations of their ability and commitment
• GIST & WISE

  Girls into Science & Technology

  Women into science & engineering

  government policies encouraging more girls into STEM careers
• Becky Francis

  boys receive more attention from teachers, but this is negative and focused on discipline. The attention girls get is more learning focused and positive in nature
• Wiener

  Schools no longer promote gender stereotypes in textbooks which has empowered women
• Mitsos and Browne

  Girls tend to be more organised and care about presentation which leads to them having an advantage in coursework. Girls are happy to redraft and take feedback on board to improve coursework, whereas boys prefer a one shot assessment
• Read

  criticises attack on feminised school environment. she identified a Disciplinarian discourse (masculine) and liberal discourse (feminine) found most teachers used both
• Tony Sewell

  feminisation of education, schools don’t nurture masculine traits instead they celebrate attentiveness and quiet methodical work associated with femininity. More final exams over coursework

  ”thrown the boy into the bath water”
• Francis

  two thirds of 8-11 year olds say teachers gender doesnt matter but 1/3 say it does matter
• Epstein

  working class boys are labelled as ‘sissies’, ‘swot’ and deal wit’s homophobic abuse. Peer abuse was the most important factor in working class boys rejecting school
• Dads and Lads campaign

  government policy trying to get dads to read more and normalise is. free books
• reading champions scheme

  looped in male celebrities to get boys interested in reading