GENDER IDENTITIES

• Boys arrogantly believe they will get a job despite not having qualifications from school, or that men’s jobs don’t need numeracy and literacy
• Male Gaze Mac an Ghaill

  way male peers and teachers look girls up and down, viewing them as objects and making judgements about their appearance and bodies. Dominant heterosexual masculinity is reinforced and femininity devalued. Boys retell stories of sexual conquests and those who don’t face fear of being called gay
• Male Peer groups Mac an Ghaill

  boys reproduce a range of different class-based masculine identities

  Working class - macho lads were dismissive of other w/c boys who worked hard and aspired to m/c careers, calling them dickhead achievers.

  Middle class- real englishmen project an image of effortless achievement while working hard quietly
• Double standards Sue Lees

  double standard of sexual morality, girls called slag and boys are rewarded when they boast about sexual conquests, they gain status while girls are judged. Form of patriarchal control, keeping females subordinate and justifying male power
• Verbal abuse sue lees

  boys use name calling to put girls down if they behave too sexy ‘slag’
• Carol Paetcher

  name calling is an example of male power and shame gender identity. names like ‘Lexie’, ‘queer’ and ‘gay’ are ways in which sexual identity is policed by peers
• teachers and discipline Mac an Ghaill

  teachers reinforce dominant definitions of gender identity, male teachers told boys off for ‘behaving like girls’ and mocked them for lower marks. did little to intervene on boys sexual abuse of girls, suggesting girls attracted it
• Ross

  claims male teachers ’rescue’ female teachers from threatening pupils, suggesting women can’t cope alone
• Ringrose

  female peer groups. studied 13-14 year old Welsh working class girls. found being popular was crucial to identity. as they moved from friendship to boyfriends they faced tension between ‘idealised feminine identity’ - getting on with everyone, being non-competitive, showing loyalty to female peer group and a ’sexualised identity’ - competing for boys and dating culture