Genetic diversity

• Chromosome is highly compact DNA associated to histone proteins containing many genes
• Homologous pair is a pair of chromosomes, one maternal and one paternal coding for the same genes
• Natural selection explains how the environment applies selective forces on the reproduction of individuals in a population
• Natural selection causes a change in phenotype of organisms in the population over time (this is speciation)
• Selection pressure is external agents that affect an organisms ability to survive in an environment
• Different species are unable to interbreeed and produce fertile offspring
• New advantageous alleles are produced theough mutations
• Organisms with the advantageous allele survive longer on average allowing it to reproduce and pass on the allele to the offspring
• Over time populations will have the new allele, they have evolved to a new species
• Genetic diversity is the total number of different alleles in a population
• population is a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same place
• As a result of mutation, crossing over, independent segregation in meiosis or random assortment of gametes, organisms produce a variety of offspring with different gametes
• anatomical adaptions are physical adaptions, either external or internal
• behavioural adaptions are changes in behaviour which improve the organisms chance of survival
• physiological adaptions are adaptions that increase chnace of survival by processes inside an organism