Chapter 3

• Ancient Art


  30,000 B.C.E. to 400 A.D.
• Ancient Art


  • Provided a means to enforce religious and political order
  • No uniformity, art movement, or worldwide approach, appeal, or affect
  • Told stories, decorated utilitarian objects, and used to manifest the status of the owner
  • Characterized as stiff, explicit, and direct representation of life
• Cradle of Civilization

  • Code of Hammurabi - a set of laws carved in stone and adorned by an image of King Hammurabi and the Mesopotamian god Shabash
• Ancient civilizations created their own unique art
• Ancient art is considered by some to be the foundation of all art history
• Medieval Art


  Also called Middle Ages or Dark Ages
• Medieval Art


  • Art subjects were initially restricted to the production of Pietistic painting (religious art or Christian art)
• Renaissance Art


  • Period that immediately followed Middle Ages
  • Called rebirth or reawakening because of the renewed interest in the classical learning and values of Ancient Greece and Rome
• Renaissance Art


  • Development of new technologies like the printing press
  • New system of astronomy
  • Discovery and exploration of new continents
  • Blossoming of philosophy literature, and art
• Modern Art


  • Started because of the Industrial Revolution - characterized by rapid changes in transportation, production, and technology which immensely affected the social, political, and cultural conditions of life
  • Re-imagination and redefinition of works of art
• Contemporary Art


  • The art of today
  • Have a diverse spectrum of interests, global influence, cultural diversity, and increasingly technological advancing world
  • Lack of uniform, organizing principle, or ideology
• Contemporary Art Forms


  • Pop Art, Photorealism, Conceptualism, Minimalism, Performance Art, Installation Art, Earth Art, and Street Art
• Religions greatly influenced Asian art
• Common iconography in Asian art

  • Lotus - symbol of excellence and spiritual perfection
  • Wheel - represents doctrine preached in Buddha's first sermon
  • Halo - signifies transcendent radiance
  • Adornment - lavish jewelry and elaborate hairstyle
  • Multiple features - multiple arms or multiple heads that mean multiple power
  • Expressions - usually ugly and horrific as they are directed to the evil and ignorance
• Functions of Asian Art

  • Worship
  • Glorification of the Royals
  • Education
• Pre-Colonial Philippine Art


  • Significant changes in the way Filipino ancestors adorned themselves during the iron age
  • Weaving became a preoccupation for women
  • Apo Whang Od is the oldest known survivor of the traditional tattoo artists
• Influences on Pre-Colonial Philippine Art

  • Negrito - zigzag designs on ancient lime tubes and ornamental carvings on combs
  • Indonesia - apparel of the people of Kalinga, Maranao, Manobo, and Bagobos
  • Malay - wood carvings in utensils, boats, and wooden shields of the people of Sulu and Mountain Province
• Earliest art forms in the Philippines that have not yet been somewhat penetrated by Western influences are music and dance
• Colonial Philippine Art


  • American and European influences became significantly dominant
  • Spanish missionaries used colorful pageantry of Roman Catholic Church
• Significant Changes in Colonial Philippine Art


  • Sculpture - anitos became santos
  • Print - First book printed in PH: Doctrina Christiana en Lengua Espanol y Tagala
  • Furniture - Resembled those in conventos or churches
  • Metal Casting - Practiced in foundries, produced cannons, galleon fittings, bells
  • Textile Art - Nipis, Jusi
• • Illuminated Manuscripts


  religious texts embellished with rich colors which often featured the use of gold and silver
• Stained Glass


  applied mostly exclusively to the windows of churches, cathedral, and castles. Small pieces of glass are arranged to form patterns or pictures
• Leonardo Da Vinci


  called the ultimate "Renaissance Man"
• Leonardo Da Vinci


  best known for works like Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, The Virgin of the Rocks
• Michelangelo Buonarroti


  sourced inspiration from the human body
• Michelangelo Buonarroti


  famous works: Pieta, David, ceiling painting in the Sistine Chapel
• Raphael Sanzio


  Helearned from both da Vinci and Michelangelo
• Raphael Sanzio


  Famous work: The School of Athens
• Modern art


  Many modern artists started to make art about people, places or ideas that interested them, and of which they had direct experience.
• The Interpretation of Dreams

  by Sigmund Freud (a psychologist) inspired artists to explore dreams and symbolism.
• photography


  Invented in the 1830s which introduced a new method for depicting and reinterpreting the world (mostly more realistically)
• :Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism

  great religions developed in Asia
• mambabatok


  uses batok method where ink is carefully nailed on the skin of the individual
• male


  protected the village from intruders
• female


  aesthetic purposes
• Santo Nino de Cebu


  oldest known relic handed from the period of Spanish colonization (Gift of Magellan to Hara Humamay (Juana), wife of Rajah Humabon.)
• First book printed in PH

  Doctrina Christiana en Lengua Espanol y Tagala (Christian doctrines in Spanish and Tagalog Languages) by Juan de Plasencia
• Furniture


  Classified into three: storage pieces (baul, aparador), rest pieces (rocking chairs), and lay-on pieces (beds, papag)