The unique path of independence & development of Uzbekistan

• Uzbekistan's choice of an independent path of development


  Since the Independence, Uzbekistan has been living in the process of transformation of society, the questions have become acute: what path of development will Uzbekistan take, what kind of society, what kind of state will build, and what kind will look like?
• Islam Karimov argued from the first years of independence that the old system would not give way so easily, and its harmful ideology would not let the human mind out of its clutches so quickly and easily. The most important thing is that to build the foundation of new social relations, it takes some time to educate people who think in a new social ensuring the process of updating society.
• World practice shows that there cannot be same path of development, one stereotype suitable for all countries in the world.
• Therefore, each country that has achieved independence is looking for a unique way of development, and developing its standard for creating a new society. And Uzbekistan also faced the task of developing its path of development based on scientific, theoretical and practical aspects.
• Specifics of the transformation process in Uzbekistan

  • The crisis economic situation that developed in the late 80s
  • The presence of a planned economy
  • Minimal experience of active political participation of the population
  • The expectation of social equality, labor rights
  • A diverse ethnic structure with specific traditions and culture
  • High population growth
• Head of State outlined in his work tasks of reforming and radically updating the political and state structure, guaranteeing a person a free choice of political, economic, and social lifestyle.
• In the political sphere

  
  

  
  

  1. Establishment of democratic principles for people's participation in state power.

  2. Building national statehood with separation of legislative, executive, and judicial powers.

  3. Radical renewal of political and state structures.

  4. Clear separation of powers between republic and local authorities.

  5. Creation of fair legislation.
• In economic sphere

  
  

  
  

  1. Establishing a robust economy for national wealth and decent living standards.

  2. Transitioning to a socially oriented market economy, promoting initiative and entrepreneurship.

  3. Protecting owners' rights and ensuring equality of ownership forms.

  4. Decentralizing and demonopolizing the economy, enhancing enterprise independence, and reducing state intervention.

  5. Monitoring natural resource use and preserving ecological balance.
• In the social and spiritual sphere

  
  

  
  

  1. Commitment to universal human rights.

  2. Social justice and protection for vulnerable groups.

  3. Accessible healthcare.

  4. Democratic education and vocational training.

  5. Support for creativity and talent development.
• Deideologization of the economy


  The priority of the economy over politics, and development of the economy according to internal laws
• The originality of Uzbekistan's path of development was filled with new content in the subsequent works, reports, and speeches of I.A. Karimov.
• In his work entitled "Uzbekistan-it's model of transition to market relations" published 1993, it substantiated five principles that became the basis of the "Uzbek model" of development.
• The "Uzbek model" of development, without repeating any existing model, is completely new in its essence and content. This path was perceived both among our people and in the international arena as the "Uzbek model".
• The chosen path was not easy matter, it required perseverance from our people in carrying out a huge creative work. It was clear to everyone, from government officials to the simplest citizens, that it was impossible to build a new society in one fell swoop.
• Priority of economy over politics

  
  

  The economy should develop naturally without ideological influence. National and state interests take precedence in problem-solving.
• The state is the main reformer


  During the formation of market relations, the state is obligated to be an active participant in the reform process, to become its initiator and a firm, consistent guide
• Rule of law

  
  

  The rule of law is fundamental for political stability and social justice. It's upheld by fostering a high legal culture, measured not by law quantity but by comprehensive law enforcement.
• Strong social protection

  
  

  
  

  An effective social policy, combined with economic stabilization, structural changes, and gradual market introduction, builds a socially oriented market economy.
• Consistency and phasing

  
  

  Transitioning from a centralized planning and administrative-command management style to a market economy isn't just an upgrade; it's a complete overhaul. It's a recognition that shifting mindsets, social structures, and industrial relations takes time, and it's a process of creating entirely new systems rather than simply tweaking existing ones.
• The need to develop a new Constitution was announced at the II sessions of the Supreme Counsel of Uzbekistan, which was held on June 20, 1990, and at which the "Declaration of Sovereignty" was adopted.
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  The session passed a resolution to form a 64-member commission led by President Islam Karimov to draft the Constitution. It comprised Supreme Council deputies, Karakalpakstan and regional representatives, and experts.
• Over 2.5 years, the Constitutional Commission crafted Uzbekistan's Constitution, drawing from the experiences of 100+ countries. The initial draft contained 158 articles, later revised to 149, and finally to 137 articles.
• After doing changes and additions on December 8 , 1992 the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan was adopted. The Constitution of Republic of Uzbekistan consists of 6 sessions and 128 articles.
• On July 1, 1994, the national currency, the sum, replaced 1000 sum coupons per the President's decree and the Cabinet of Ministers' decree of June 16, 1994.
• The national currency was issued in the form of banknotes of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan in denominations of 1,3,5,10,25,50 and 100 sums.