1. Viral RNA sensors are collectively referred to as RIG-like receptors (RLRs)
2. RIG-1 or MDA5 detection and interaction with viral RNA leads to their translocation to the outside of the mitochondria, which allows them to activate MAVS protein
3. MAVS can now activate the kinases, TBK1 and IKK
4. TBK1 can phosphorylate IRF3, which now can translocate to the nucleus and produce IFN-1, leading to ISGs
5. MAVS activation also leads to the activation of NF-kB with the subsequent production of other proinflammatory cytokines